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I will start by reviewing where we were 10 years ago. I will then walk through some key reforms our country has put in place to diminish the chances of another severe crisis and limit damage during times of financial instability. After reviewing these steps, I will summarize indicators and research that show the improved resilience of the U.S. financial system--resilience that is due importantly to regulatory reform as well as actions taken by the private sector. I will then turn to the evidence regarding how financial regulatory reform has affected economic growth, credit availability, and market liquidity.
Developments 10 Years Ago The U.S. and global financial system was in a dangerous place 10 years ago. U.S. house prices had peaked in 2006, and strains in the subprime mortgage market grew acute over the first half of 2007. By August, liquidity in money markets had deteriorated enough to require the Federal Reserve to take steps to support it. And yet the discussion here at Jackson Hole in August 2007, with a few notable exceptions, was fairly optimistic about the possible economic fallout from the stresses apparent in the financial system.
As we now know, the deterioration of liquidity and solvency within the financial sector continued over the next 13 months. Accumulating strains across the financial system, including the collapse of Bear Stearns in March 2008, made it clear that vulnerabilities had risen across the system. As a result, policymakers took extraordinary measures: The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sharply cut the federal funds rate, and the Federal Reserve, in coordination with the Treasury Department and other agencies, extended liquidity facilities beyond the traditional banking sector, applying to the modern structure of U.S. money markets the dictum of Walter Bagehot, conceived in the 19th century, to lend freely against good collateral at a penalty rate.5 Still, the deterioration in the financial sector continued, with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac failing in early September.6
But the deterioration from early 2007 until early September 2008‑‑already the worst financial disruption in the United States in many decades‑‑was a slow trickle compared with the tidal wave that nearly wiped out the financial sector that September and led to a plunge in economic activity in the following months. Not long after Fannie and Freddie were placed in government conservatorship, Lehman Brothers collapsed, setting off a week in which American International Group, Inc. (AIG), came to the brink of failure and required large loans from the Federal Reserve to mitigate the systemic fallout; a large money market fund "broke the buck" (that is, was unable to maintain a net asset value of $1 per share) and runs on other money funds accelerated, requiring the Treasury to provide a guarantee of money fund liabilities; global dollar funding markets nearly collapsed, necessitating coordinated action by central banks around the world; the two remaining large investment banks became bank holding companies, thereby ending the era of large independent investment banks in the United States; and the Treasury proposed a rescue of the financial sector. Within several weeks, the Congress passed--and President Bush signed into law--the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which established the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program; the Federal Reserve initiated further emergency lending programs; and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) guaranteed a broad range of bank debt.7 Facing similar challenges in their own jurisdictions, many foreign governments also undertook aggressive measures to support the functioning of credit markets, including large-scale capital injections into banks, expansions of deposit insurance programs, and guarantees of some forms of bank debt.
• When conducting monetary policy, the FOMC will maintain the current floor system. Weestimate “steady state” reserves of $650 billion, which includes a “buffer”.• The balance sheet will reach normal levels by 1Q 2021.• At time of normalization, Treasury holdings will be $1.7 trillion, down from $2.5 trillion now.
si el Europa no está sobrevalorada, ¿porqué caemos más que USA?(origen 9 marzo 2009)
http://michael-hudson.com/2017/08/stock-on-trumponomics/Stock on TrumponomicsCitarSHARMINI PERIES: So Michael, if the stock prices are not increasing because of what Trump calls “high business spirit,” explain the rise in the stock prices.MICHAEL HUDSON: The answer’s quite simple. The key is, who is buying these stocks? It’s not individuals. It’s not even pension funds. It’s not the private sector. Almost all the stock purchases are being bought back by corporations in share buyback programs. In other words, companies are buying their own stocks in order to push up the price.That’s how executives are paid. They’re not paid for increasing output or even for increasing profits. They’re paid according to how much they can push up the stock price. There are two ways to do this easily. One is to use earnings simply for share buybacks – buy up your own stock and push its price up; or, you simply pay out the earnings in dividends.What you don’t do if you want to increase the stock price is invest more in research. You don’t invest more in capital. You don’t hire more labor, and you don’t expand your market. In other words, you give up. You say, “The economy’s reached an end. It’s not going to grow from here. We’re taking the money and running. We’re just going to use the earnings that we have to help the stockholders.” So the stock market is actually the reverse of how the economy is doing.CitarSHARMINI PERIES: Why are companies paying out high dividends rather than reinvesting their profits in order to generate more long-term income?MICHAEL HUDSON: Two reasons: They see that the economy isn’t really growing for 99% of the people. Here in New York, street after street, there are for-rent signs. Small businesses are going out of business. Bookstores are going out of business. Restaurants are going out of business. The boom that’s occurred from World War II to 2008 is over. That’s why companies are not going to invest.Most of all, companies are buying back their stocks simply to benefit the managers who run them – the chief financial officers and the CEO. CEOs are paid, gigantic remuneration according to the stock price.This financialization is actually hurting industrial capitalism. Companies have been turned into financial entities. You should no longer think of them really as industrial entities. Corporations make money financially, not by producing goods and services.
SHARMINI PERIES: So Michael, if the stock prices are not increasing because of what Trump calls “high business spirit,” explain the rise in the stock prices.MICHAEL HUDSON: The answer’s quite simple. The key is, who is buying these stocks? It’s not individuals. It’s not even pension funds. It’s not the private sector. Almost all the stock purchases are being bought back by corporations in share buyback programs. In other words, companies are buying their own stocks in order to push up the price.That’s how executives are paid. They’re not paid for increasing output or even for increasing profits. They’re paid according to how much they can push up the stock price. There are two ways to do this easily. One is to use earnings simply for share buybacks – buy up your own stock and push its price up; or, you simply pay out the earnings in dividends.What you don’t do if you want to increase the stock price is invest more in research. You don’t invest more in capital. You don’t hire more labor, and you don’t expand your market. In other words, you give up. You say, “The economy’s reached an end. It’s not going to grow from here. We’re taking the money and running. We’re just going to use the earnings that we have to help the stockholders.” So the stock market is actually the reverse of how the economy is doing.
SHARMINI PERIES: Why are companies paying out high dividends rather than reinvesting their profits in order to generate more long-term income?MICHAEL HUDSON: Two reasons: They see that the economy isn’t really growing for 99% of the people. Here in New York, street after street, there are for-rent signs. Small businesses are going out of business. Bookstores are going out of business. Restaurants are going out of business. The boom that’s occurred from World War II to 2008 is over. That’s why companies are not going to invest.Most of all, companies are buying back their stocks simply to benefit the managers who run them – the chief financial officers and the CEO. CEOs are paid, gigantic remuneration according to the stock price.This financialization is actually hurting industrial capitalism. Companies have been turned into financial entities. You should no longer think of them really as industrial entities. Corporations make money financially, not by producing goods and services.
DINÁMICAS CONTRAPUESTAS A LA BOLSA.-Dinámica contrapuesta de los sentimientos:http://www.zerohedge.com/sites/default/files/images/user3303/imageroot/2017/08/26/20170829_conf2_0.jpgHay dinámicas contrapuestas, también, de los tipos de cambio y de la inflación.Una escalada persistente del euro es mala noticia para las expectativas inflacionistas en la eurozona a medio plazo y, por tanto, mala para la recaudación tributaria y la consolidación fiscal allá donde haga falta, como es el caso de España, que recordémoslo está en situación de estrangulamiento financiero total final.En Estados Unidos, pasa exactamente lo contrario, poniéndose en cuestión el mantenimiento de la sobrevaloración de Bolsa, bonos e inmuebles, cuya dinámica es contrapuesta a la de la inflación, desde luego, desde los 1980 (quintaesencia del popularcapitalismo).Pero, ojo, lo que estamos viendo en 2017 en el EUR/USD no es estructural sino coyuntural. Por tanto no hay que pensar que estamos ante cambios en las expectativas de inflación. Solo estamos en la antesala de una correccion valorativa en los mercados de activos norteamericanos.Todo encaja. Lo próximo que viene es el crash bursátil en Estados Unidos.Gracias por leernos..Publicado por: pisitófilos creditófagos | 08/30/2017 en 09:50 a.m.
Euro-Area Economic Confidence Jumps to Decade-HighSentiment rose to 111.9 in August vs estimated gain to 111.3 ECB set to discuss future stimulus path at Sept. 7 meetingEuro-area economic confidence rose to the highest level in a decade as European Central Bank policy makers prepare for a discussion next week about whether and how to pare back stimulus.An index of industry and consumer sentiment increased to 111.9 in August from a revised 111.3 in July, the European Commission in Brussels said on Wednesday. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg predicted an increase to 111.3 from a previously reported 111.2.The Governing Council is set to start deliberations about the future path of quantitative easing when it meets on Sept. 7. With a booming economy showing few signs of being matched by a sustained pickup in inflation and a surging euro threatening to further damp price pressures, policy makers probably won’t rush an exit. ECB President Mario Draghi reaffirmed the need for caution in a speech last week in Jackson Hole, stressing that there hasn’t been a self-sustained convergence of inflation to the central bank’s goal of just under 2 percent. Consumer prices probably increased an annual 1.4 percent in August, economists predicted before a Eurostat report on Thursday.Asset purchases are currently scheduled to expire in December.Confidence improved in all major euro-area countries except Germany. Sentiment in the euro area’s largest economy was damped by companies’ concern that a strengthening euro would weigh on profit, according to the Ifo institute. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is campaigning for a fourth term in office, said on Tuesday that the currency’s appreciation will almost certainly have an effect on exports.An increase in industry confidence in the euro area was fed by more optimistic production expectations and a slight improvement in managers’ assessment of the stocks of finished products, the Commission said. A more positive assessment of the past business situation and higher demand expectations underpinned a gain in services sentiment.
CitarUna escalada persistente del euro es mala noticia para las expectativas inflacionistas en la eurozona a medio plazo y, por tanto, mala para la recaudación tributaria y la consolidación fiscal allá donde haga falta, como es el caso de España, que recordémoslo está en situación de estrangulamiento financiero total final.En Estados Unidos, pasa exactamente lo contrario, poniéndose en cuestión el mantenimiento de la sobrevaloración de Bolsa, bonos e inmuebles, cuya dinámica es contrapuesta a la de la inflación, desde luego, desde los 1980 (quintaesencia del popularcapitalismo).Pero, ojo, lo que estamos viendo en 2017 en el EUR/USD no es estructural sino coyuntural. Por tanto no hay que pensar que estamos ante cambios en las expectativas de inflación. Solo estamos en la antesala de una correccion valorativa en los mercados de activos norteamericanos.[url=http://blogs.cincodias.com/el-puente/2017/08/el-silencio-de-draghi.html#comments]http://blogs.cincodias.com/el-puente/2017/08/el-silencio-de-draghi.html#comments[/url]https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-30/draghi-seen-putting-a-lid-on-euro-as-traders-test-pain-thresholdCitarDraghi Seen Putting a Lid on Euro as Traders Test Pain ThresholdSeptember meeting crucial for hints on next policy steps UBS says Draghi ‘needs his talent’ to stop currency’s rally The chances of verbal intervention from European Central Bank President Mario Draghi against the euro’s appreciation increased after the currency climbed to its strongest level in more than two years versus the dollar, according to foreign-exchange strategists.The currency, which broke above the psychological $1.20 level for the first time since January 2015 on Tuesday, may see some profit taking in the near term, but banks have no doubts its trajectory remains bullish going forward, triggering an unwelcome tightening of financial conditions in the euro region.“The question is now what the European Central Bank will do in September to calm down the market,” Thomas Flury, global head of currency strategy at UBS Group AG, said in a phone interview. “Draghi really needs his talent to stop the move in euro-dollar.”The euro has gained almost 14 percent versus the dollar this year amid speculation the ECB will outline its intent to scale back its extraordinary package of quantitative-easing measures in the autumn. The ECB’s next policy announcement is due on Sept. 7. The shared currency dropped 0.2 percent to $1.1943 as of 9:51 a.m. in London.
Una escalada persistente del euro es mala noticia para las expectativas inflacionistas en la eurozona a medio plazo y, por tanto, mala para la recaudación tributaria y la consolidación fiscal allá donde haga falta, como es el caso de España, que recordémoslo está en situación de estrangulamiento financiero total final.En Estados Unidos, pasa exactamente lo contrario, poniéndose en cuestión el mantenimiento de la sobrevaloración de Bolsa, bonos e inmuebles, cuya dinámica es contrapuesta a la de la inflación, desde luego, desde los 1980 (quintaesencia del popularcapitalismo).Pero, ojo, lo que estamos viendo en 2017 en el EUR/USD no es estructural sino coyuntural. Por tanto no hay que pensar que estamos ante cambios en las expectativas de inflación. Solo estamos en la antesala de una correccion valorativa en los mercados de activos norteamericanos.[url=http://blogs.cincodias.com/el-puente/2017/08/el-silencio-de-draghi.html#comments]http://blogs.cincodias.com/el-puente/2017/08/el-silencio-de-draghi.html#comments[/url]
Draghi Seen Putting a Lid on Euro as Traders Test Pain ThresholdSeptember meeting crucial for hints on next policy steps UBS says Draghi ‘needs his talent’ to stop currency’s rally The chances of verbal intervention from European Central Bank President Mario Draghi against the euro’s appreciation increased after the currency climbed to its strongest level in more than two years versus the dollar, according to foreign-exchange strategists.The currency, which broke above the psychological $1.20 level for the first time since January 2015 on Tuesday, may see some profit taking in the near term, but banks have no doubts its trajectory remains bullish going forward, triggering an unwelcome tightening of financial conditions in the euro region.“The question is now what the European Central Bank will do in September to calm down the market,” Thomas Flury, global head of currency strategy at UBS Group AG, said in a phone interview. “Draghi really needs his talent to stop the move in euro-dollar.”The euro has gained almost 14 percent versus the dollar this year amid speculation the ECB will outline its intent to scale back its extraordinary package of quantitative-easing measures in the autumn. The ECB’s next policy announcement is due on Sept. 7. The shared currency dropped 0.2 percent to $1.1943 as of 9:51 a.m. in London.
The US Cities with the Biggest Housing Bubbles This is how monetary policies have crushed the value of labor.For the good folks who hope fervently that the Fed doesn’t have reasons to raise rates or unwind QE because there isn’t enough inflation, here is an update on one aspect of inflation – asset price inflation, and particularly house price inflation – where the value of your hard-earned dollars has collapsed over a given number of years to where it takes a whole lot more dollars to pay for the same house.So here are some visuals of amazing house price bubbles, city by city. Bubbles really aren’t hard to recognize, if you want to recognize them. What’s hard to predict accurately is when they will burst. Normally the Fed doesn’t want to acknowledge them. But now it has its eyes focused on them.The S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller National Home Price Index for June was released today. It jumped 5.8% year-over-year, not seasonally adjusted, once again outpacing growth in household incomes, as it has done for years. At 192.6, the index has surpassed by 5% the peak in May 2006 of crazy Housing Bubble 1, which everyone called “housing bubble” after it imploded (data via FRED, St. Louis Fed):The Case-Shiller Index is based on a rolling-three month average; today’s release was for April, May, and June data. Instead of median prices, it uses “home price sales pairs,” for example, a house sold in 2011 and then again in 2017. Algorithms adjust this price movement and add other factors. The index was set at 100 for January 2000. An index value of 200 means prices have doubled in the past 17 years, which is what most of the metros in this series have accomplished, or are close to accomplishing.Real estate is local. Therefore real estate bubbles are local. If enough local bubbles balloon at the same time, it becomes a national housing bubble. As the above chart shows, the US national Housing Bubble 2 now exceeds the crazy levels of Housing Bubble 1, and in all ten major metro areas, home prices are setting new records.In the Boston metro, the home price index is now 11% above the peak of Housing Bubble 1 (Nov 2005):Home prices in the Seattle metro have spiked over the past year, pushing the index 20% above the peak of Housing Bubble 1 (Jul 2007):Then there’s Denver’s very special house price bubble. The index has soared a stunning 43% above the peak of Housing Bubble 1 (Aug 2006):People in the Dallas-Fort Worth metro felt left out during Housing Bubble 1, when prices rose only 13% in five years, while folks in other parts of the country were getting rich just sitting there. They also skipped much of the house price crash. But they know how to party when time comes. The index has now surged by 42% from the peak in June 2007:The Atlanta metro, where home prices had plunged 36% after Housing Bubble 1, has now finally squeaked past the prior peak by 2%, with a near-perfect V-shaped bubble recovery:Portland’s home prices have kicked butt since 2012, with the index soaring 71% in five years – not that homes were cheap in Portland in 2012. Portland’s house price bubble is now 20% above the peak of Housing Bubble 1:The San Francisco Case-Shiller Index, which covers the five-county Bay Area and not just San Francisco, is now 10% above the insane peak of Housing Bubble 1. During the last housing crash, the index plunged 43%. Eight years of global monetary craziness has sent liquidity from around the world sloshing knee-deep through the streets, which has performed miracles:Los Angeles home prices performed similar feat, doubling from 2002 to July 2006, before giving up two-thirds of those gains, then soaring once again. The index is now 3% above the peak of totally insane Housing Bubble 1:New York City condo bubble never saw the crash in its full bloom. Prices are now 19% above the peak of the prior bubble (Feb. 2006). Over the past 15 years, the index has soared 112%:While the monetary policies of the past eight years have had no impact on wage inflation in the US, and only moderate impact on consumer price inflation, they’ve been a rip-roaring success in creating asset price inflation.Asset price inflation means that the dollar loses its value when it comes to buying assets. Wage earners, when they’re trying to buy assets today – not just homes but any type of asset, including buying into retirement plans – are finding out that their labor is buying only a fraction of the assets that their labor could buy eight years ago. This is how these monetary policies have crushed the value of labor.
He visto un video de Ron Raul en el que decía (ser el único en) advertir que el crash es inminente e inevitable, y hablaba principalmente de Estados Unidos. La secuencia vendría a ser: deuda insostenible -> pérdida de confianza en el dólar y devaluación -> crash bursátil -> pérdida de ahorros y contagio a particulares. Era un pelín catastrofista pero me pareció que tenía sentido, y además se apuntaba a la horquilla 24 meses.
¿Y cuando llega vamos a ponernos sentimentales?
[...]¿Que pasó en el 29?Un verdadero crash seguido de la gran recesión popularcapitalista que arrase TODO a su paso, a mi me podría venir bastante bien, y hablo desde el punto de vista vital. Nos hemos pasado años hablando de la lluvia de fuego y azufre. Creo que el término lo acuñó RGCIM en burbuja. ¿Y cuando llega vamos a ponernos sentimentales? [...]
1. pisitófilos creditófagos26/03/2008, 13:27 h.A los bajistas inmobiliarios se nos plantea un problema ético o moral (cosa que por cierto, los usureros ni saben qué significado tiene, como ha quedado patente durante la orgía).¿Debemos alegrarnos por el descalabro?.La respuesta es: NO DEBEMOS SENTIR CULPA POR LOS SENTIMIENTOS POSITIVOS QUE NOS PRODUCE LA DEBACLE INMOBILIARIA PORQUE ES COMO CUANDO YAHVÉ DESTRUYÓ SODOMA Y GOMORRA CON FUEGO Y AZUFRE.Ahora bien, sepan que igual de membrillos que hemos sido hasta ahora, estamos siéndolo durante el derrumbamiento de la pirámide PORQUE LOS INMOBILIARIOS HAN DEJADO SUS SOCIEDADES VACÍAS... ¡por eso van a la situación concursal!.Lo mismo que hemos tolerado que las empresas estuvieran infracapitalizadas (Capitales Sociales de 3.000,- euritos para hacer torres y urbanizaciones), hemos tragado con que no ampliaran nunca Capital ni formaran Reservas, de modo que TODO EL DINERAL GANADO LO TIENEN A BUEN RECAUDO, normalmente, en Luxemburgo (que es un país-chollo de la UE). Evidentemente, allí el dinero lo que financia es la economía en la cuenca del Rürh, etc.¡HEMOS HIPOTECADO A NUESTRA JUVENTUD PARA CREAR RIQUEZA EN ALEMANIA, ETC.!.¿Ven ustedes La Comedia de Gallinas?.http://www.cotizalia.com/cache/2008/03/26/57_quiebras_inmobiliarias_cons tructoras.html
NO DEBEMOS SENTIR CULPA POR LOS SENTIMIENTOS POSITIVOS QUE NOS PRODUCE LA DEBACLE INMOBILIARIA PORQUE ES COMO CUANDO YAHVÉ DESTRUYÓ SODOMA Y GOMORRA CON FUEGO Y AZUFRE.http://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/archive/index.php/t-21210-p-15.html
How the Top 1% Keeps Getting RicherThe wealthiest invest less in housing and more in stocks, generating higher returns. if the U.S. and other countries want to stop wealth distribution from growing ever more unequal, they’ll have to find a way to more broadly distribute the upside offered by owning stock.
Cita de: CHOSEN en Agosto 30, 2017, 17:22:56 pm ¿Y cuando llega vamos a ponernos sentimentales?A algunos nos viene mal a estas alturas del tema...
El que pierda que se joda, y que deje paso de una vez a los que venimos detrás.