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Habla VD de usar la navaja de Ockham y lo primero que hace es decir que yo mantengo (sin que se deduzca eso de mi post previp) que existe un complot.Yo no digo eso. ¿Por qué iba a haber un complot donde bastan el idealismo y la estupidez? Ockham.
Es un sinsentido crear escasez artificial para prepararse para un hipotético futuro peor. El hombre se esfuerza mucho para superar las necesidades REALES. Las artificiales no, porque siempre sabe que el método de menor esfuerzo para superarlas es... luchar por suspender las restricciones artificiales.
El decrecentismo es una ideología de raíces pseudo-religiosas, plena de masoquismo y complejo de culpa católico. Turiel es un pope, no un científico.Es que esto ya lo hemos tenido que soportar con Malthus, por ejemplo.Y el apocalipsis nunca llega.El sentido de la humanidad siempre ha sido, y seguirá siendo, gastar más energía y vivir mejor (y lo logrará como en otros cuellos de botella anteriores). Decrecer no es algo por lo que merezca luchar, es regresivo. Como ideología, lo que venden no vale. Está sacado del año 1000.
Antonio Turiel Martínez (nacido en León, 1970) es un científico y divulgador licenciado en Física y Matemáticas y doctor en Física Teórica por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Trabaja como Investigador Científico en el Institut de Ciències del Mar del CSIC.
Cita de: dmar en Octubre 17, 2021, 16:22:22 pmHabla VD de usar la navaja de Ockham y lo primero que hace es decir que yo mantengo (sin que se deduzca eso de mi post previp) que existe un complot.Yo no digo eso. ¿Por qué iba a haber un complot donde bastan el idealismo y la estupidez? Ockham.Le pido disculpas por malinerpretar su mensaje entonces.Cita de: dmar en Octubre 17, 2021, 16:22:22 pmEs un sinsentido crear escasez artificial para prepararse para un hipotético futuro peor. El hombre se esfuerza mucho para superar las necesidades REALES. Las artificiales no, porque siempre sabe que el método de menor esfuerzo para superarlas es... luchar por suspender las restricciones artificiales.Es lo que he puesto en negrita lo que no comparto con usted. Yo no pienso que la escasez de energía barata ante la que nos enfrentamos sea algo artificial (i.e inventado/auto-impuesto) básicamente porque no conviene a nadie. Los últimos dos siglos han sido, sin duda, dos siglos de progreso en cuanto a lo que a calidad de vida se refiere y nadie desea volver a épocas anteriores, ni siquiera a los que defienden la necesidad de hacer una transición energética a fuentes de energía renovables (o, al menos, no dependientes de combustibles fósiles como el carbón, el petroleo o el gas natural).Cita de: dmar en Octubre 17, 2021, 16:22:22 pmEl decrecentismo es una ideología de raíces pseudo-religiosas, plena de masoquismo y complejo de culpa católico. Turiel es un pope, no un científico.Es que esto ya lo hemos tenido que soportar con Malthus, por ejemplo.Y el apocalipsis nunca llega.El sentido de la humanidad siempre ha sido, y seguirá siendo, gastar más energía y vivir mejor (y lo logrará como en otros cuellos de botella anteriores). Decrecer no es algo por lo que merezca luchar, es regresivo. Como ideología, lo que venden no vale. Está sacado del año 1000.Turiel sí es un científico tal y como puede comprobar en esta entrada de la Wikipedia:CitarAntonio Turiel Martínez (nacido en León, 1970) es un científico y divulgador licenciado en Física y Matemáticas y doctor en Física Teórica por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Trabaja como Investigador Científico en el Institut de Ciències del Mar del CSIC.que podrá ser más o menos completa pero que, como todo lo que aparece en la Wikpedia, debe basarse en datos contrastados y contar con referencias a otras fuentes de información.Y, como todos los científicos, elabora teorías/hipótesis y luego, en base a los datos a los que tiene acceso, analiza si esas teorías/hipótesis se corresponden o no con los datos (leyendo su blog se puede ver como, efectivamente ha tenido que ir ajustando sus previsiones a lo largo de los años y como ha ido incorporando "avances" como, por ejemplo, el fracking en sus previsiones; básicamente lo mismo que nos ha tocado hacer a nosotros en T.E. cada vez que el Gobierno, los BB.CC. o cualquier otra entidad ha cambiado las reglas del juego a mitad de la partida).Y creo que todos estamos de acuerdo en que es absurdo buscar el decrecentismo como objetivo de la humanidad a largo plazo.Tal y como comenta wanderer en el post anterior, el decrecentismo del que habla Turiel no busca el volver a una era pre-industrial, sino el poner freno al intento de crecer a un ritmo no sostenible (i.e. 4% anual, ó 2%, o lo que sea que se haya fijado actualmente) in sécula seculórum ya que, obviamente, no es sostenible por un periodo de tiempo prolongado.En otros posts hemos visto como todas las previsiones apuntan a una disminución de la población mundial de aquí a finales de siglo y eso, evidentemente, no es casualidad, no podemos seguir aumentando la población al ritmo que se ha estado haciendo hasta ahora, en eso entiendo que estamos todos de acuerdo viendo esta gráfica:https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growthComparto con wanderer la idea de que durante las próximas décadas veremos un decrecimiento de occidente y un crecimiento de otras regiones y, a pesar de que comparto buena parte de las tesis de Antonio Turiel, creo que tras esa fase de decrecimiento que nos permita alcanzar cierto equilibrio con el planeta (básicamente, evitar "consumir" más de un planeta "Tierra" al año, tal y como mide el Earth Overshoot Day o Día de la deuda ecológica) podremos retomar la senda del crecimiento evitando entrar de nuevo en crecimientos exponenciales abocados al desastre.Todo esto no implica que la humanidad no pueda seguir creciendo indefinidamente (el único límite teórico sería consumir toda la energía de nuestro universo), según vayamos teniendo acceso a nuevas formas de energía (e.g. fusión nuclear) podremos retomar tasas de crecimiento más altas, pero no podemos volver a incurrir en el error de consumir más energía de la que podemos obtener de forma sostenible porque eso, tarde o temprano, obliga a "echar el freno" en forma de decrecimiento aunque sea de forma temporal.Saludos.
Yo siempre entendí que el sentido del decrecentismo es convergencia asintótica:el mundo occidental decrecerá, mientras que Oriente en general y China en particular, tomarán el testigo del crecimiento.Globalmente seguiremos creciendo, y mucho, pero eso no quitará decrecimiento por estos pagos (en todo Occidente; en España y según que sitios, volveremos a la miseria de la que vinimos).Por lo demás, totalmente de acuerdo que la ideología decrecentista es un sinsentido a nivel general; descendiendo a lo particular, la cosa cambia. Y globalmente es totalmente inaceptable, por mucha ideología "protejamos al planeta y luchemos contra el cambio climático" que se quiera vender.
'We Mapped Every Large Solar Plant on Earth Using Satellites and Machine Learning'Posted by EditorDavid on Monday November 01, 2021 @06:34AM from the eyes-in-the-sky dept.A team of researchers built a machine learning system to scan satellite images for solar energy-generating facilities greater than 10 kilowatts and then deployed the system on over 550 terabytes of imagery "using several human lifetimes of computing."Team-member Lucas Kruitwagen, a climate change/AI researcher at Oxford, reveals what they learned. "We searched almost half of Earth's land surface area, filtering out remote areas far from human populations."CitarIn total we detected 68,661 solar facilities. Using the area of these facilities, and controlling for the uncertainty in our machine learning system, we obtain a global estimate of 423 gigawatts of installed generating capacity at the end of 2018. This is very close to the International Renewable Energy Agency's (IRENA) estimate of 420 GW for the same period. Our study shows solar PV generating capacity grew by a remarkable 81% between 2016 and 2018, the period for which we had timestamped imagery. Growth was led particularly by increases in India (184%), Turkey (143%), China (120%) and Japan (119%). Facilities ranged in size from sprawling gigawatt-scale desert installations in Chile, South Africa, India and north-west China, through to commercial and industrial rooftop installations in California and Germany, rural patchwork installations in North Carolina and England, and urban patchwork installations in South Korea and Japan...Using the back catalogue of satellite imagery, we were able to estimate installation dates for 30% of the facilities. Data like this allows us to study the precise conditions which are leading to the diffusion of solar energy, and will help governments better design subsidies to encourage faster growth. Knowing where a facility is also allows us to study the unintended consequences of the growth of solar energy generation. In our study, we found that solar power plants are most often in agricultural areas, followed by grasslands and deserts.This highlights the need to carefully consider the impact that a ten-fold expansion of solar PV generating capacity will have in the coming decades on food systems, biodiversity, and lands used by vulnerable populations. Policymakers can provide incentives to instead install solar generation on rooftops which cause less land-use competition, or other renewable energy options.A note at the end of the article adds that the researchers' code and data repositories have been made available online "to facilitate more research of this type and to kickstart the creation of a complete, open, and current dataset of the planet's solar energy facilities."
In total we detected 68,661 solar facilities. Using the area of these facilities, and controlling for the uncertainty in our machine learning system, we obtain a global estimate of 423 gigawatts of installed generating capacity at the end of 2018. This is very close to the International Renewable Energy Agency's (IRENA) estimate of 420 GW for the same period. Our study shows solar PV generating capacity grew by a remarkable 81% between 2016 and 2018, the period for which we had timestamped imagery. Growth was led particularly by increases in India (184%), Turkey (143%), China (120%) and Japan (119%). Facilities ranged in size from sprawling gigawatt-scale desert installations in Chile, South Africa, India and north-west China, through to commercial and industrial rooftop installations in California and Germany, rural patchwork installations in North Carolina and England, and urban patchwork installations in South Korea and Japan...Using the back catalogue of satellite imagery, we were able to estimate installation dates for 30% of the facilities. Data like this allows us to study the precise conditions which are leading to the diffusion of solar energy, and will help governments better design subsidies to encourage faster growth. Knowing where a facility is also allows us to study the unintended consequences of the growth of solar energy generation. In our study, we found that solar power plants are most often in agricultural areas, followed by grasslands and deserts.This highlights the need to carefully consider the impact that a ten-fold expansion of solar PV generating capacity will have in the coming decades on food systems, biodiversity, and lands used by vulnerable populations. Policymakers can provide incentives to instead install solar generation on rooftops which cause less land-use competition, or other renewable energy options.
We mapped every large solar plant on the planet using satellites and machine learningOctober 29, 2021Jenson / shutterstockAn astonishing 82% decrease in the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy since 2010 has given the world a fighting chance to build a zero-emissions energy system which might be less costly than the fossil-fuelled system it replaces. The International Energy Agency projects that PV solar generating capacity must grow ten-fold by 2040 if we are to meet the dual tasks of alleviating global poverty and constraining warming to well below 2°C.Critical challenges remain. Solar is “intermittent”, since sunshine varies during the day and across seasons, so energy must be stored for when the sun doesn’t shine. Policy must also be designed to ensure solar energy reaches the furthest corners of the world and places where it is most needed. And there will be inevitable trade-offs between solar energy and other uses for the same land, including conservation and biodiversity, agriculture and food systems, and community and indigenous uses.Colleagues and I have now published in the journal Nature the first global inventory of large solar energy generating facilities. “Large” in this case refers to facilities that generate at least 10 kilowatts when the sun is at its peak. (A typical small residential rooftop installation has a capacity of around 5 kilowatts).We built a machine learning system to detect these facilities in satellite imagery and then deployed the system on over 550 terabytes of imagery using several human lifetimes of computing.A map of all the large solar facilities detected up to 2018 (lighter colours = more recent) Kruitwagen et al, NatureWe searched almost half of Earth’s land surface area, filtering out remote areas far from human populations. In total we detected 68,661 solar facilities. Using the area of these facilities, and controlling for the uncertainty in our machine learning system, we obtain a global estimate of 423 gigawatts of installed generating capacity at the end of 2018. This is very close to the International Renewable Energy Agency’s (IRENA) estimate of 420 GW for the same period.Tracking the growth of solar energyOur study shows solar PV generating capacity grew by a remarkable 81% between 2016 and 2018, the period for which we had timestamped imagery. Growth was led particularly by increases in India (184%), Turkey (143%), China (120%) and Japan (119%).Facilities ranged in size from sprawling gigawatt-scale desert installations in Chile, South Africa, India and north-west China, through to commercial and industrial rooftop installations in California and Germany, rural patchwork installations in North Carolina and England, and urban patchwork installations in South Korea and Japan.Solar mixed with rice fields on reclaimed land in South Korea. Stock for you / shutterstockThe advantages of facility-level dataCountry-level aggregates of our dataset are very close to IRENA’s country-level statistics, which are collected from questionnaires, country officials, and industry associations. Compared to other facility-level datasets, we address some critical coverage gaps, particularly in developing countries, where the diffusion of solar PV is critical for expanding electricity access while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In developed and developing countries alike, our data provides a common benchmark unbiased by reporting from companies or governments.Geospatially-localised data is of critical importance to the energy transition. Grid operators and electricity market participants need to know precisely where solar facilities are in order to know accurately the amount of energy they are generating or will generate. Emerging in-situ or remote systems are able to use location data to predict increased or decreased generation caused by, for example, passing clouds or changes in the weather.This increased predictability allows solar to reach higher proportions of the energy mix. As solar becomes more predictable, grid operators will need to keep fewer fossil fuel power plants in reserve, and fewer penalties for over- or under-generation will mean more marginal projects will be unlocked.Using the back catalogue of satellite imagery, we were able to estimate installation dates for 30% of the facilities. Data like this allows us to study the precise conditions which are leading to the diffusion of solar energy, and will help governments better design subsidies to encourage faster growth.The authors compared the locations of the solar facilities to data on land use, to find out what was there before. Cropland (light brown) was easily the most common. Kruitwagen et al, NatureKnowing where a facility is also allows us to study the unintended consequences of the growth of solar energy generation. In our study, we found that solar power plants are most often in agricultural areas, followed by grasslands and deserts.This highlights the need to carefully consider the impact that a ten-fold expansion of solar PV generating capacity will have in the coming decades on food systems, biodiversity, and lands used by vulnerable populations. Policymakers can provide incentives to instead install solar generation on rooftops which cause less land-use competition, or other renewable energy options.
Request: Puede algún experto del foro indicar recursos para aprender cloud computing. Algo serio pero empezando por lo básico. Gracias de antemano.He encontrado esto, voy a ver.https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-to-cloud-infrastructure-technologieshttps://www.coursera.org/learn/cloud-computing-foundations-duke
DeepMind says its new AI coding engine is as good as an average human programmerAlphaCode is good, but not great — not yetBy James Vincent Feb 2, 2022, 11:00am ESTIllustration by Alex Castro / The VergeDeepMind has created an AI system named AlphaCode that it says “writes computer programs at a competitive level.” The Alphabet subsidiary tested its system against coding challenges used in human competitions and found that its program achieved an “estimated rank” placing it within the top 54 percent of human coders. The result is a significant step forward for autonomous coding, says DeepMind, though AlphaCode’s skills are not necessarily representative of the sort of programming tasks faced by the average coder.Oriol Vinyals, principal research scientist at DeepMind, told The Verge over email that the research was still in the early stages but that the results brought the company closer to creating a flexible problem-solving AI — a program that can autonomously tackle coding challenges that are currently the domain of humans only. “In the longer-term, we’re excited by [AlphaCode’s] potential for helping programmers and non-programmers write code, improving productivity or creating new ways of making software,” said Vinyals.AlphaCode was tested against challenges curated by Codeforces, a competitive coding platform that shares weekly problems and issues rankings for coders similar to the Elo rating system used in chess. These challenges are different from the sort of tasks a coder might face while making, say, a commercial app. They’re more self-contained and require a wider knowledge of both algorithms and theoretical concepts in computer science. Think of them as very specialized puzzles that combine logic, maths, and coding expertise.In one example challenge that AlphaCode was tested on, competitors are asked to find a way to convert one string of random, repeated s and t letters into another string of the same letters using a limited set of inputs. Competitors cannot, for example, just type new letters but instead have to use a “backspace” command that deletes several letters in the original string. You can read a full description of the challenge below:An example challenge titled “Backspace” that was used to evaluate DeepMind’s program. The problem is of medium difficulty, with the left side showing the problem description, and the right side showing example test cases. | Image: DeepMind / CodeforcesTen of these challenges were fed into AlphaCode in exactly the same format they’re given to humans. AlphaCode then generated a larger number of possible answers and winnowed these down by running the code and checking the output just as a human competitor might. “The whole process is automatic, without human selection of the best samples,” Yujia Li and David Choi, co-leads of the AlphaCode paper, told The Verge over email.AlphaCode was tested on 10 of challenges that had been tackled by 5,000 users on the Codeforces site. On average, it ranked within the top 54.3 percent of responses, and DeepMind estimates that this gives the system a Codeforces Elo of 1238, which places it within the top 28 percent of users who have competed on the site in the last six months.“I can safely say the results of AlphaCode exceeded my expectations,” Codeforces founder Mike Mirzayanov said in a statement shared by DeepMind. “I was sceptical [sic] because even in simple competitive problems it is often required not only to implement the algorithm, but also (and this is the most difficult part) to invent it. AlphaCode managed to perform at the level of a promising new competitor.”An example interface of AlphaCode tackling a coding challenge. The input is given as it is to humans on the left and the output generated on the right. | Image: DeepMindDeepMind notes that AlphaCode’s current skill set is only currently applicable within the domain of competitive programming but that its abilities open the door to creating future tools that make programming more accessible and one day fully automated.Many other companies are working on similar applications. For example, Microsoft and the AI lab OpenAI have adapted the latter’s language-generating program GPT-3 to function as an autocomplete program that finishes strings of code. (Like GPT-3, AlphaCode is also based on an AI architecture known as a transformer, which is particularly adept at parsing sequential text, both natural language and code). For the end user, these systems work just like Gmails’ Smart Compose feature — suggesting ways to finish whatever you’re writing.A lot of progress has been made developing AI coding systems in recent years, but these systems are far from ready to just take over the work of human programmers. The code they produce is often buggy, and because the systems are usually trained on libraries of public code, they sometimes reproduce material that is copyrighted.In one study of an AI programming tool named Copilot developed by code repository GitHub, researchers found that around 40 percent of its output contained security vulnerabilities. Security analysts have even suggested that bad actors could intentionally write and share code with hidden backdoors online, which then might be used to train AI programs that would insert these errors into future programs.Challenges like these mean that AI coding systems will likely be integrated slowly into the work of programmers — starting as assistants whose suggestions are treated with suspicion before they are trusted to carry out work on their own. In other words: they have an apprenticeship to carry out. But so far, these programs are learning fast.
Los "nativos digitales" son un mito: la generación Z no es mejor en tecnología ni en la multitareahttps://magnet.xataka.com/en-diez-minutos/nativos-digitales-mito-generacion-z-no-mejor-tecnologia-multitarea[...]De hecho, muchos aún necesitan capacitación tecnológica. Aunque las generaciones más jóvenes usan sus móviles y ordenadores a menudo para tareas escolares o con fines sociales, es posible que no tengan las habilidades necesarias para carreras basadas en tecnología como informática, ingenierías o marketing. Los estudiantes a menudo tienen una alta confianza digital pero una baja competencia digital.Por ejemplo, un nativo digital puede saber cómo usar las redes para las interacciones sociales pero no para producir contenido para una empresa. "Necesitamos alejarnos de este fetiche de insistir en nombrar a esta generación la Generación Digital/Net/Google porque esos términos no los describen y tienen el potencial de evitar que este grupo de estudiantes alcance el crecimiento personal al asumir que ya han crecido en áreas en las que claramente no lo han hecho", afirmaba Apostolos Koutropoulous en 2011 en una revisión del término "nativo digital".
No sé muy dónde poner esto, que viene a desmitificar el concepto de "nativos digitales":CitarLos "nativos digitales" son un mito: la generación Z no es mejor en tecnología ni en la multitareahttps://magnet.xataka.com/en-diez-minutos/nativos-digitales-mito-generacion-z-no-mejor-tecnologia-multitarea[...]De hecho, muchos aún necesitan capacitación tecnológica. Aunque las generaciones más jóvenes usan sus móviles y ordenadores a menudo para tareas escolares o con fines sociales, es posible que no tengan las habilidades necesarias para carreras basadas en tecnología como informática, ingenierías o marketing. Los estudiantes a menudo tienen una alta confianza digital pero una baja competencia digital.Por ejemplo, un nativo digital puede saber cómo usar las redes para las interacciones sociales pero no para producir contenido para una empresa. "Necesitamos alejarnos de este fetiche de insistir en nombrar a esta generación la Generación Digital/Net/Google porque esos términos no los describen y tienen el potencial de evitar que este grupo de estudiantes alcance el crecimiento personal al asumir que ya han crecido en áreas en las que claramente no lo han hecho", afirmaba Apostolos Koutropoulous en 2011 en una revisión del término "nativo digital".
New lightweight material is stronger than steelThe new substance is the result of a feat thought to be impossible: polymerizing a material in two dimensions.Anne Trafton | MIT News Office | February 2, 2022Using a novel polymerization process, MIT chemical engineers have created a new material that is stronger than steel and as light as plastic, and can be easily manufactured in large quantities.The new material is a two-dimensional polymer that self-assembles into sheets, unlike all other polymers, which form one-dimensional, spaghetti-like chains. Until now, scientists had believed it was impossible to induce polymers to form 2D sheets.Such a material could be used as a lightweight, durable coating for car parts or cell phones, or as a building material for bridges or other structures, says Michael Strano, the Carbon P. Dubbs Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT and the senior author of the new study.“We don’t usually think of plastics as being something that you could use to support a building, but with this material, you can enable new things,” he says. “It has very unusual properties and we’re very excited about that.”The researchers have filed for two patents on the process they used to generate the material, which they describe in a paper appearing today in Nature. MIT postdoc Yuwen Zeng is the lead author of the study.Two dimensionsPolymers, which include all plastics, consist of chains of building blocks called monomers. These chains grow by adding new molecules onto their ends. Once formed, polymers can be shaped into three-dimensional objects, such as water bottles, using injection molding.Polymer scientists have long hypothesized that if polymers could be induced to grow into a two-dimensional sheet, they should form extremely strong, lightweight materials. However, many decades of work in this field led to the conclusion that it was impossible to create such sheets. One reason for this was that if just one monomer rotates up or down, out of the plane of the growing sheet, the material will begin expanding in three dimensions and the sheet-like structure will be lost.However, in the new study, Strano and his colleagues came up with a new polymerization process that allows them to generate a two-dimensional sheet called a polyaramide. For the monomer building blocks, they use a compound called melamine, which contains a ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Under the right conditions, these monomers can grow in two dimensions, forming disks. These disks stack on top of each other, held together by hydrogen bonds between the layers, which make the structure very stable and strong.“Instead of making a spaghetti-like molecule, we can make a sheet-like molecular plane, where we get molecules to hook themselves together in two dimensions,” Strano says. “This mechanism happens spontaneously in solution, and after we synthesize the material, we can easily spin-coat thin films that are extraordinarily strong.”Because the material self-assembles in solution, it can be made in large quantities by simply increasing the quantity of the starting materials. The researchers showed that they could coat surfaces with films of the material, which they call 2DPA-1.“With this advance, we have planar molecules that are going to be much easier to fashion into a very strong, but extremely thin material,” Strano says.Light but strongThe researchers found that the new material’s elastic modulus — a measure of how much force it takes to deform a material — is between four and six times greater than that of bulletproof glass. They also found that its yield strength, or how much force it takes to break the material, is twice that of steel, even though the material has only about one-sixth the density of steel.Matthew Tirrell, dean of the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago, says that the new technique “embodies some very creative chemistry to make these bonded 2D polymers.”“An important aspect of these new polymers is that they are readily processable in solution, which will facilitate numerous new applications where high strength to weight ratio is important, such as new composite or diffusion barrier materials,” says Tirrell, who was not involved in the study.Another key feature of 2DPA-1 is that it is impermeable to gases. While other polymers are made from coiled chains with gaps that allow gases to seep through, the new material is made from monomers that lock together like LEGOs, and molecules cannot get between them.“This could allow us to create ultrathin coatings that can completely prevent water or gases from getting through,” Strano says. “This kind of barrier coating could be used to protect metal in cars and other vehicles, or steel structures.”Strano and his students are now studying in more detail how this particular polymer is able to form 2D sheets, and they are experimenting with changing its molecular makeup to create other types of novel materials.The research was funded by the Center for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport (CENT) an Energy Frontier Research Center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Army Research Laboratory.
Scientists Just Created Magnetic 'Seeds' To Heat Up and Kill CancerPosted by BeauHD on Thursday February 03, 2022 @02:00AM from the remote-controlled dept.A group of researchers at University College London (UCL) have used an MRI scanner to guide a tiny magnetic "seed" through the brain to heat and destroy cancer cells. Interesting Engineering reports:CitarThe novel breakthrough cancer therapy, which has been tested on mice, is called "minimally invasive image-guided ablation," or MINIMA, according to the study published in Advanced Science. It consists of ferromagnetic thermoseeds, which are basically 2mm metal spheres, that are guided to a tumor using magnetic propulsion generated by an MRI scanner and then remotely heated to kill nearby cancer cells. If this technique translates to humans, it could help to combat difficult-to-reach brain tumors by establishing "proof-of-concept" for precise treatment of cancers like glioblastoma, the most common form of brain cancer, and prostate, which could benefit from less invasive therapies.The UCL researchers demonstrated the three major components of MINIMA to a high level of accuracy: precise seed imaging, navigation through brain tissue using a customized MRI system (tracked to within 0.3 mm accuracy), and eradicating the tumor in a mouse model by heating it. The researchers used an MRI machine to direct 2mm diameter metal spheres, which were implanted superficially into the tissue, then navigated to the tumors. Then, they were heated to destroy the cells."Using an MRI scanner to deliver a therapy in this way allows the therapeutic seed and the tumor to be imaged throughout the procedure, ensuring the treatment is delivered with precision and without having to perform open surgery," explained lead author Rebecca Baker at the UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, in a press release. "This could be beneficial to patients by reducing recovery times and minimizing the chance of side effects."
The novel breakthrough cancer therapy, which has been tested on mice, is called "minimally invasive image-guided ablation," or MINIMA, according to the study published in Advanced Science. It consists of ferromagnetic thermoseeds, which are basically 2mm metal spheres, that are guided to a tumor using magnetic propulsion generated by an MRI scanner and then remotely heated to kill nearby cancer cells. If this technique translates to humans, it could help to combat difficult-to-reach brain tumors by establishing "proof-of-concept" for precise treatment of cancers like glioblastoma, the most common form of brain cancer, and prostate, which could benefit from less invasive therapies.The UCL researchers demonstrated the three major components of MINIMA to a high level of accuracy: precise seed imaging, navigation through brain tissue using a customized MRI system (tracked to within 0.3 mm accuracy), and eradicating the tumor in a mouse model by heating it. The researchers used an MRI machine to direct 2mm diameter metal spheres, which were implanted superficially into the tissue, then navigated to the tumors. Then, they were heated to destroy the cells.
Scientists Engineer New Material That Can Absorb and Release Enormous Amounts of EnergyPosted by BeauHD on Wednesday February 02, 2022 @10:30PM from the high-tech-rubber-band dept.An anonymous reader quotes a report from Phys.Org:CitarA team of researchers from the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently announced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they had engineered a new rubber-like solid substance that has surprising qualities. It can absorb and release very large quantities of energy. And it is programmable. Taken together, this new material holds great promise for a very wide array of applications, from enabling robots to have more power without using additional energy, to new helmets and protective materials that can dissipate energy much more quickly."Imagine a rubber band," says Alfred Crosby, professor of polymer science and engineering at UMass Amherst and the paper's senior author. "You pull it back, and when you let it go, it flies across the room. Now imagine a super rubber band. When you stretch it past a certain point, you activate extra energy stored in the material. When you let this rubber band go, it flies for a mile." This hypothetical rubber band is made out of a new metamaterial -- a substance engineered to have a property not found in naturally occurring materials -- that combines an elastic, rubber-like substance with tiny magnets embedded in it. This new "elasto-magnetic" material takes advantage of a physical property known as a phase shift to greatly amplify the amount of energy the material can release or absorb.A phase shift occurs when a material moves from one state to another: think of water turning into steam or liquid concrete hardening into a sidewalk. Whenever a material shifts its phase, energy is either released or absorbed. And phase shifts aren't just limited to changes between liquid, solid and gaseous states -- a shift can occur from one solid phase to another. A phase shift that releases energy can be harnessed as a power source, but getting enough energy has always been the difficult part. "To amplify energy release or absorption, you have to engineer a new structure at the molecular or even atomic level," says Crosby. However, this is challenging to do and even more difficult to do in a predictable way. But by using metamaterials, Crosby says that "we have overcome these challenges, and have not only made new materials, but also developed the design algorithms that allow these materials to be programmed with specific responses, making them predictable."
A team of researchers from the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently announced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they had engineered a new rubber-like solid substance that has surprising qualities. It can absorb and release very large quantities of energy. And it is programmable. Taken together, this new material holds great promise for a very wide array of applications, from enabling robots to have more power without using additional energy, to new helmets and protective materials that can dissipate energy much more quickly."Imagine a rubber band," says Alfred Crosby, professor of polymer science and engineering at UMass Amherst and the paper's senior author. "You pull it back, and when you let it go, it flies across the room. Now imagine a super rubber band. When you stretch it past a certain point, you activate extra energy stored in the material. When you let this rubber band go, it flies for a mile." This hypothetical rubber band is made out of a new metamaterial -- a substance engineered to have a property not found in naturally occurring materials -- that combines an elastic, rubber-like substance with tiny magnets embedded in it. This new "elasto-magnetic" material takes advantage of a physical property known as a phase shift to greatly amplify the amount of energy the material can release or absorb.A phase shift occurs when a material moves from one state to another: think of water turning into steam or liquid concrete hardening into a sidewalk. Whenever a material shifts its phase, energy is either released or absorbed. And phase shifts aren't just limited to changes between liquid, solid and gaseous states -- a shift can occur from one solid phase to another. A phase shift that releases energy can be harnessed as a power source, but getting enough energy has always been the difficult part. "To amplify energy release or absorption, you have to engineer a new structure at the molecular or even atomic level," says Crosby. However, this is challenging to do and even more difficult to do in a predictable way. But by using metamaterials, Crosby says that "we have overcome these challenges, and have not only made new materials, but also developed the design algorithms that allow these materials to be programmed with specific responses, making them predictable."