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The German Chip Sector’s Next Challenge: Labor*A third of all EU-made semiconductor chips come from Saxony*Universities, research institutes and industry key to successThe former East German city of Dresden was the epicenter of chip development behind the Iron Curtain. That legacy persists, both in Dresden and its surrounding region. More than three decades later, every third semiconductor made in Europe comes from Saxony. The state has pulled in billions in investment, and fabrication plants, or “fabs,” for companies such as Infineon, Bosch and Globalfoundries are all based in Saxony, which is rumored to be the site of a future TSMC plant. Yet a skilled labor shortage is weighing on the sector.Over 76,000 people in Saxony are employed in the local chip industry, thanks in part to nearby clusters of research institutes, semiconductor-related companies and technical universities. By 2030, lobbyists project, this number will grow to 100,000. That, however, isn’t enough – not for Germany, nor for Europe as a whole. By that year, the European Union wants to manufacture 20% of the world’s semiconductors, up from 10%. Dresden’s efforts to train talent and attract skilled workers may offer clues as to how that could happen. Sampada Godkhindi is a graduate of Dresden’s Technical University, which launched a masters program in nanoelectronic systems in 2011, attacting many overseas students and creating a pipeline of talent that flows directly to industry. Originally from Karnataka, India, Godkhindi began looking into English-language masters programs in Germany after working for a German automotive parts company, and TU Dresden topped a lot of her searches. Upon receiving her degree, she wanted to stay in the area, and got a job as an integration engineer at GlobalFoundries, where she patterns electronic components onto semiconductors.Universities like TU Dresden and nearby research institutes such as the Helmholtz Center and Fraunhofer Institute have made it possible for producers to “secure both experienced chip experts and young graduates and skilled laborers for our chip factories,” semiconductor maker Robert Bosch GmbH told Bloomberg via email. There is also a vibrant ecosystem of companies working within and across the semiconductor sector, fostered by industry groups like Silicon Saxony. That organization, which has over 450 members in the region, represents chipmakers, academic institutions and suppliers.These are the kinds of conditions that lawmakers want to replicate across Europe. In April, European negotiators agreed on the final version of the EU Chips Act, committing 43 billion euros to bolstering the bloc’s semiconductor sector. As well as allocating subsidies for research and major new fabs, the EU want to close the skills gap in microchip production. Programs like the European Chips Skills 2030 Academy could help, with its aim of training of 500,000 microelectronics experts in the coming decade.Germany is also trying to get ahead of its skilled worker shortage. Last October, the government announced a strategy focusing on education, upskilling, increasing labor participation, improving work culture and reducing emigration. Europe’s largest economy is also reforming its immigration laws to make it easier for skilled workers from abroad to come to Germany.Such moves are especially urgent as 28% of electrical engineering experts and 33% of engineering supervisors in Germany’s semiconductor sector will reach retirement age within the next 10 to 12 years, according to a study from IW Koeln. Germany-wide, the sector reported a shortage of 62,000 employees between June 2021 and June 2022. With the population graying and fewer Germans entering the workforce, “there’s still a huge need for foreign skilled labor,” a spokesperson from Germany’s Labor Ministry told Bloomberg.Dresden has made this a priority this in recent years, to the benefit of the chipmaking sector. Infineon, which recently broke ground for a fourth fab in the city, has employees from more than 50 countries in Saxony, while GlobalFoundries has over 40 nationalities represented at its Dresden site. Of the students filling the 65 slots in TU Dresden’s chipmaking course last year, many came from China and Iran, with Indian nationals making up 57% of the class.Part of these changing demographics are the long-tail result of western countries relaxing their focus on STEM education. “We had fewer electrical engineers coming out of the colleges,” said Syed Alam, a Global High Tech Industry Lead at Accenture. In the EU, chipmakers also struggle to match the salaries offered elsewhere in the world, according to Silvana Muscella, the Technical Coordinator of ALLPROS.eu, an EU project funded by the Digital Europe Programme. “Europe’s losing talent because they can’t pay as much as a Singaporean, South Korean, US or Canadian organization can,” Muscella explained. More broadly, chipmakers are having trouble competing with the higher salaries on offer in other technical fields, some of which have the added appeal of being less physically demanding. “Even the electrical engineers that are coming out, they may not be selecting semiconductor industry as their primary choice,” Alam said. “They’re going into the software industry.” Alongside government-level efforts to draw people to the sector, companies are also targeting the problem, explained Frank Boesenberg of the lobbying group Silicon Saxony. In an interview, he said he was especially keen on engaging with people “who may only enter the industry in ten years or so.”At an industry open house at the Dresden airport organized by the group, recruiters and HR representatives pitched university students on joining the field.Boesenberg was also very clear on where his future colleagues would likely be found. “It will be very difficult - or in fact not possible - to cover the current and future needs of the industry just from Saxony alone. That means we need immigration,” he said. Beyond attracting skilled workers to Germany, an additional challenge is convincing them to stay. As support for the far-right Alternative for Germany has increased in Saxony in recent years, chipmakers are acutely aware of making sure that Dresden remains a place where foreigners want to live. Programs have been launched to connect skilled tech professionals from India with jobs in Saxony, industry groups help people settle into life in the region and local organizations facilitate community-building among new arrivals. Dresden is not as international as some of Germany’s larger cities, but the share of foreigners in the Saxon capital has more than doubled since 2014.After four years in Dresden, Godkhindi can see herself living in the city for a long time. As her adopted home looks to build up its chip industry and attract international talent, Godkhindi thinks Germany could improve its marketing to prospective overseas students. “Germany’s a very student-friendly country,” she said. “You get a very good quality of education and fairly low living costs. And this fact is not advertised well to students in India.”
...- Debido al aumento de riqueza de la minoría a costa de la mayoría, se radicaliza la sociedad pudiendo estallar una guerra civil como ha pasado en diferentes lugares en otros momentos de la historia, esto hace que el número de individuos de las élites baje de forma considerable y se produzca una redistribución de la riqueza. Si no se hace nada para evitar que se repita este patrón el ciclo se volvería a repetir 50 años después. Es decir, de 1970 a 202X serían los años de desintegración y de 202X a 2070 serían los de integración, como la de 1920 a 1970 (x=5?)...
La recaudación pincha en mayo por el IVA y anticipa una ralentización de la economíaLos ingresos sufren en mayo una caída del 5,9% y se confirma un pinchazo en el IVA a pesar del optimismo del GobiernoLos ingresos tributarios en mayo sufren una caída del 5,9% respecto al mismo periodo de 2022 y se confirma un pinchazo en el IVA -cuyos ingresos se reducen un 3,8%- que anticipa una ralentización de la economía en línea con las previsiones del Banco de España y a pesar del optimismo del Gobierno. En cambio, el IRPF se sostiene todavía dopado por la inflación y la no deflactación de la tarifa que también afecta a la renta disponible de los hogares. En su Informe de recaudación de mayo, la Agencia Tributaria (AEAT) explica la caída de los ingresos por el fuerte aumento de las devoluciones (23,5%) y por la rebaja de tipos a algunos alimentos básicos, que está en vigor desde enero.Estos datos se han registrado a pesar de que en mayo se ingresan retenciones, Impuestos Especiales y primas de seguro del mes de abril, e IVA del mes de marzo y el primer trimestre de Alcohol, Cerveza y Productos Intermedios.La AEAT recuerda que dos figuras que también se ingresaban en mayo no se recaudaron este año: el Impuesto sobre el Valor de la Producción de Energía Eléctrica y el Impuesto sobre Gases Fluorados. Hay que tener en cuenta que el primero sigue suspendido y también lo estaba hace un año. Y que el segundo, tras el cambio normativo, se ha empezado a ingresar trimestralmente (el primer trimestre se contabilizó en abril) y sólo aportó 25 millones.A cambio, este año se cuenta con el Impuesto al Plástico, cuyos ingresos hasta mayo aumentaron un 4,2% (6,9% los ingresos brutos y 17,8% las devoluciones realizadas) y ya aporta 221 millones.En mayo se ha mantenido un crecimiento elevado en las retenciones del trabajo y caídas en los Impuestos Especiales.A lo que hay que añadir el impacto del alto importe de las devoluciones en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades. En este mes no hay movimientos relevantes en este impuesto.Los cinco primeros mesesLa recaudación hasta mayo aumenta un 4,2%, cerca de 14 puntos por debajo del mismo periodo de 2022. Los ingresos en el IRPF por retenciones sobre rentas del trabajo y actividades económicas crecieron un 11,9% en los cinco primeros meses.La recaudación del Impuesto sobre Sociedades sigue siendo inferior a la del año pasado por el elevado importe de las devoluciones realizadas a comienzos de año, correspondientes a solicitudes de ejercicios anteriores (en su mayor parte de 2021), a lo que se suma una devolución extraordinaria por un recurso, a pesar del incremento del 24,5% en los pagos fraccionados en abril, en su mayor parte vinculados a los beneficios del primer trimestre.El IVA cae un 3,8% en mayo y crece en los primeros cinco meses del año un 4,8% frente al 5,9% que registró hasta abril. De media el crecimiento es de un 2,5% en lo que va de ejercicio.Los ingresos de los Impuestos Especiales se redujeron un 3,3% en mayo, un 2,5% en el año. Hay que recordar que en abril se había producido una mejora por la comparación del Impuesto sobre Hidrocarburos con un mes afectado por el paro del transporte de 2022, lo que en mayo tiene el efecto contrario.En el Impuesto sobre Labores del Tabaco continuaron las caídas de los últimos meses: en mayo un 3,7%, lo que supone una pérdida acumulada del -6,3% en el año. Los impuestos sobre el alcohol disminuyeron un 6,4%, que se añade a los datos negativos precedentes, del -7,5% en el conjunto del año.El Banco de España avisaMontero avanzó el pinchazo el 30 de marzo, cuando presentó los datos de recaudación de 2022, con un crecimiento del 14,4% que supuso unos ingresos históricos de 255.463 millones de euros, 32.078 millones más por la inflación. Entonces anticipó un crecimiento del 3,7% entre enero y marzo en términos homogéneos, más de 10 puntos menos.En la presentación de su Informe Anual de 2022, el pasado 10 de mayo, el Banco de España no ha avalado las dos grandes promesas económicas planteadas por el Gobierno en el Programa de Estabilidad: la reducción del déficit público al 3% del PIB ya en 2024 y la bajada de la tasa de paro al 10% en 2026.Ángel Gavilán, director general de Economía y Estadística, ha recordado que en sus previsiones de marzo se proyectaba un déficit por encima del 4% en 2025 y "posiblemente se mantendrá en ese entorno" en sus próximas revisiones. "Estará por encima de lo que anuncia el Gobierno y hay que estudiar cuáles son las diferencias", ha comentado, avanzando que, a priori, se concentran en los ingresos, donde el Gobierno espera más dinamismo que el BdE.
An Airbnb collapse won’t fix America’s housing shortageThere’s more to the housing affordability crisis than Airbnb.The US housing market is scary right now, and Americans seem to be scrambling for signs that help is on the way.This week a viral tweet said Airbnb host revenue had fallen off a cliff. But what’s perhaps more interesting than a potentially misleading tweet is the response it got. Many suggested the revenue shortfall would mean more houses would come on the market and help reverse soaring housing prices, which have become unaffordable for many Americans. But like private equity investment in rental homes, short-term rentals like Airbnbs only play a small part in what’s a much bigger problem.First of all, both Airbnb and another dataset contradict the findings in the viral tweet. An Airbnb spokesperson said, “The data is not consistent with our own data,” adding that their last financial report showed more people traveling on Airbnb than ever before. And AirDNA, which scrapes Airbnb data and also has direct data from about a million short-term rental properties, said revenue per listing was down a modest 3 percent, following a bumper year. Vox also reached out to AllTheRooms, whose data is cited in the tweet, to ask if the tweet did in fact represent their data and how they got it, but didn’t receive a response in time for publication.The bigger takeaway from all this is simply that even a complete collapse of Airbnb’s business would not fix America’s housing market. There are lots of things contributing to out-of-control housing prices in the US, and short-term rentals are only just one tiny part.Even after a slight decline from a year ago, home prices are near their most unaffordable on record, with annual payments for a median home representing 41 percent of the median income, according to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Meanwhile, the Mortgage Bankers Association found that home buying has never been so unaffordable. That’s all thanks to near-record housing prices combined with mortgage rates not seen in more than a decade.“It’s a one-two punch of needing to pay a high purchase price and finance it with this very expensive debt,” Zillow senior economist Jeff Tucker told Vox.
@NewsLambert Housing chart of the day 🏡Sky-high home equity ("housing" in the chart below) and high stock prices ("equity" in the chart below) are canceling out the economic impact of spiked "mortgage rates"via @NickTimiraos
How well these changes are managed will make all the difference. If our leaders can rise above their tendencies to fight and instead focus on cooperating, we can certainly navigate these tricky times to create a better world for most people. Presumably, this outcome is best for everyone, so we should be strongly against civil disorder and war between nations, keeping it in the back of our mind so we strive for cooperative decision-making. For example, now that a debt ceiling agreement has passed, it would be great to see the Democrats and Republicans mutually agree on a bipartisan group of very skilled people to come up with a practical, long-term bipartisan plan. I wrote an article “Why and How Capitalism Needs to be Reformed?” years ago which is still relevant today in case you’re interested. Having said that, it is probably unrealistic to believe that we can materially change the course of events, so what is most important for most people is to visualize the worst. If you do that, you will be prepared for it and will probably be fine.In closing I should say that the most important thing I’ve learned in my 50 years of being a global macro investor is that I can be wrong. For that reason, while I suggest that you consider what I am sharing, I also suggest that you assess it and the circumstances for yourself.
https://letralia.com/227/articulo03.htmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=AhyifvjSHbU&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xataka.com%2F&embeds_referring_origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xataka.com&source_ve_path=Mjg2NjY&feature=emb_logo
Aquí no ha fracasado nada, ha seguido el curso natural según la condición humana; ni capitalistas, ni economistas, ni bancocentralistas, ni líderes, ni na de na, por mucho conocimiento de la situación que tengan.Somos todos igual, un puto animal. Ya puedes ser un perro con pedigrí, o callejero, uno vivirá en mejores condiciones que el otro, pero a los dos les gusta oler culos. Son muy previsibles, igual que nosotros, pero en nuestro caso peor ya que tenemos conocimiento. Lo que está claro es cómo acabará la cosa, ya se estudiará dentro de x tiempo, haremos un museo e iremos a poner flores donde se hayan cometido las mayores atrocidades, tiempo al tiempo. Estamos apañados los que no tenemos un activo si no va haber acceso razonable a vivienda, pensione y sanidad.Salut,