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Google, Lendlease End Deals for San Francisco Bay ProjectsPosted by msmash on Friday November 03, 2023 @11:20AM from the change-of-heart dept.Alphabet's Google and property developer Lendlease Group have ended an agreement to build four projects in the San Francisco Bay Area as the technology firm reviews its real estate footprint. From a report:CitarLendlease said it will be compensated for its work during the planning process for the projects, which are located in San Jose, Sunnyvale and Mountain View, according to a statement Thursday. "The decision to end these agreements followed a comprehensive review by Google of its real estate investments, and a determination by both organizations that the existing agreements are no longer mutually beneficial given current market conditions," Sydney-based Lendlease said in the statement.The projects would have totaled more than 15 million square feet (1.4 million square meters) of office, residential, retail, hospitality and community development space. The projects were also slated to bring more housing to California's tight residential market. Google still plans to work with developers and capital partners to move the projects forward, according to a spokesperson. "As we've shared before, we've been optimizing our real estate investments in the Bay Area, and part of that work is looking at a variety of options to move our development projects forward and deliver on our housing commitment," Alexa Arena, a senior director of development at Google, said in an emailed statement.
Lendlease said it will be compensated for its work during the planning process for the projects, which are located in San Jose, Sunnyvale and Mountain View, according to a statement Thursday. "The decision to end these agreements followed a comprehensive review by Google of its real estate investments, and a determination by both organizations that the existing agreements are no longer mutually beneficial given current market conditions," Sydney-based Lendlease said in the statement.The projects would have totaled more than 15 million square feet (1.4 million square meters) of office, residential, retail, hospitality and community development space. The projects were also slated to bring more housing to California's tight residential market. Google still plans to work with developers and capital partners to move the projects forward, according to a spokesperson. "As we've shared before, we've been optimizing our real estate investments in the Bay Area, and part of that work is looking at a variety of options to move our development projects forward and deliver on our housing commitment," Alexa Arena, a senior director of development at Google, said in an emailed statement.
The Negative Interest Economy: A Monetary Paradigm for a Post-Growth SystemThe Ekhilur Project is showing how it’s possible to develop a viable economic system without the need for growth.Post Growth InstituteBy Alex Lopez · 2023.10.03Image created on MidjourneyThe main mechanism driving economic growth is undoubtedly the financial economy and the compound interest system integrated into it.This system is always obliged to return a monetary amount that is higher than the amount borrowed and that exceeds inflation. The only way to do this is to produce more goods and services that have to be consumed. Many of today’s so-called needs have been generated through advertising and marketing — another major driver of consumption and, by extension, economic growth.The reason for lending at interest, according to neoclassical economics, is understood as compensation for the sacrifice of not consuming something in the present and delaying its enjoyment. This mentality permeates our culture. We must delay gratification and control desires by thinking of future rewards. This is known in economics as the time-preference postulate, the supposed preference for immediate consumption. It means that if you don’t have an incentive to save money, you will spend it right away to satisfy some need. In other words, the theory goes that humans are spendthrifts by nature.However, Keynes (although he did not completely rule out this tendency) pointed out that humans tend to spend a smaller and smaller portion of their income as their income increases. It’s obvious that if you’re going hungry you will spend your money immediately on food, but if you have enough to satisfy all your urgent needs, the greater your income, the less urgency you will have to spend it. Keynes believed, therefore, that people are prone to save without the need for an incentive (interest).This natural tendency to save would suggest that money itself is subject to diminishing marginal utility: the more you own, the less utility (satisfaction) you get from each additional dollar.For example, If I own $10,000, obtaining $5,000 will give me greater satisfaction than if I own $100,000 and obtain the same amount.This, which would be common sense for most people, does not seem to be so for neoclassical economists, who affirm that humans seek to maximize self-interest by maximizing money — i.e., the more money, the more satisfaction. And they extrapolate this principle to society as well: the higher the growth (GDP), the higher the social utility (common good).To question this principle is to question the current mantra that maximizing economic growth maximizes the common good — and, by extension, the utilitarian argument that justifies capitalism by its ability to maximize wealth. This opens the door to ideas that favor the equitable distribution of goods.Moreover, from a mathematical perspective, if money is subject to diminishing marginal utility, the optimal distribution of that money will be the most equitable. This justification for the redistribution of wealth is totally against the interests of the rich.Neoclassical economic ideology considers that our propensity to consume is unlimited, but actually this unlimited desire is given by money. Aristophanes said that our needs are limited and, when we have satisfied them, we focus on other things and practice generosity. Money, on the other hand, is incapable of satiating.After obtaining a glut of consumer goods, in many cases brought about by the pressure of advertising and marketing, people begin to crave the money itself — not what can be bought with it — and that greed knows no bounds.Addiction obviously exists and there are individuals who are not satiated by certain things, but does that prove that humans are greedy by nature?Addiction occurs when we use something as a substitute for what we really want or need. Money as a universal purpose has also become a substitute for many things, even for those very things that the monetary economy has destroyed, such as community and sense of belonging, connection with nature, and leisure, to name a few.Keynes defined this phenomenon as liquidity preference and pointed out that it prevails over time preference. This is a fundamental assumption in his theory. When we speak of preference for liquidity we mean that we prefer money over goods. In a monetary economy we could exchange any good for any other good, although not so easily, through the medium of exchange (money) — e.g., I sell a chair, get money, and buy a book.Why, then, do we prefer money to other goods? Except for urgent needs that justify having small amounts of the medium of exchange, the only reason to prefer money is that it does not lose value when stored (in terms of value rather than purchasing power — e.g., a $50 bill will always have a value of $50)The imperishability of money makes it not only a universal means but also a universal end. But what if we make money transitory, preserving it as a means but not as an end?Negative interestMost economists consider the medium of exchange and the store of value as defining functions of money.But combining both functions into a single objective is problematic because a medium of exchange must circulate to be useful, while a store of value is kept (or stored) out of circulation.This contradiction has for centuries created a conflict between the wealth of the individual (accumulation) and the wealth of society (circulation). This tension reflects the individualistic approach to society that has come to dominate our time.What kind of money could resolve this tension?Given the determining role of interest, the first alternative monetary system to consider would be one which would structurally eliminate it, or even produce the opposite of interest. If interest generates competition, scarcity, and individualism, is it not possible that the opposite generates cooperation, abundance, and community?Since the goods and services for which money can be exchanged have maintenance, transportation, and storage costs, money should also have them. It would be a type of money that, like any perishable good, would lose its value over time: an expiring currency, subject to negative interest (known as the demurrage or oxidation rate — a fee for the use of money as a ‘store’ of value).This idea is not new. The pioneer of the lapsed money theory was German-Argentine businessman Silvio Gesell, who called it free money in 1906. His main concern was to remedy the unequal and unfair distribution of wealth that already existed in his time, unprecedented poverty in the midst of unprecedented abundance.Gesell’s ideas were tested at that time. Currencies like the Wara (Germany), the Worgl (Austria), and the WIR (Switzerland) were based on his theories. The Wara and the Worgl were banned by central governments in the face of growing popularity of these currencies. The WIR has continued to the present day and although it started out with a demurrage rate, that was eliminated during the period of high growth after World War II.More progressive economists sometimes advocate for inflation, which has similar effects. The advantage of oxidation rate is that it does not affect prices directly and is visible to everyone. The main difference between inflation and oxidation, however, is that inflation is expansive by definition, while oxidation is not.Modern theoryProminent economists such as Yale professor Irving Fisher; Benoît Cœuré of the European Central Bank; Harvard professor Greg Mankiw; and Willem Buiter; formerly of Citibank have discussed measures such as liquidity taxes — negative interest rates on deposits at the Federal Reserve or the ECB. These names make clear the feasibility of contemporary proposals to introduce negative interest. These proponents of negative interest rates see it as a temporary measure to force banks to lend again and extend cheap credit until the economy returns to growth. Once that goal is achieved, interest rates are supposed to return to positive figures.But if we are heading towards a zero-growth or a permanently declining economy, could negative interest rates also become permanent?Current monetary policy works by adjusting the basic interest rate according to the rate of growth of the economy. Keynes basically proposed setting it at a level that does not favor the accumulation of wealth (as opposed to the use of wealth (circulation).The purpose of monetary policy is to control price stability (inflation), basically by managing interest rates.Encouraging economic growth through expansionary monetary policies and low interest rates (to raise inflation).Encouraging “lower economic growth” through austerity policies and high interest rates (to lower inflation).The problem with the inflation formula in a situation of over-indebtedness (excess debt) and over-capacity (excess production) is that it does not work. Quantitative easing (where money is created by the central bank) exchanges money for various financial derivatives, but that money does not cause wage and price inflation if it does not reach the people who would spend it.Graph created by the author, based on public data from the European Central Bank and US Federal ReserveIn fact, it can even lead to inflation — due to an upward bidding of asset prices in the absence of productive investment opportunities (speculation).In all the years it has been in use, quantitative easing has been unable to produce expected inflation, due to the zero lower bound.Graphs created by the author, based on public data from the European Central Bank and US Federal ReserveThe current price inflation is mainly due, among other factors (such as the pandemic and the war in Ukraine), to the increase in the price of the largest source of energy at present (oil) and its derivatives (especially diesel), since energy is the basis of any economic activity.All this brings us back to the purpose of a negative interest economy: to get money circulating without the need for economic growth.A negative interest economy: how it worksIn a negative interest reserve system, banks would be eager to get rid of their reserves. If the negative rate were to the order of 5% to 8% (which is what Gesell, Fisher, and other economists proposed), banks might even find it beneficial to lend at zero interest, and possibly at negative interest.How would they make money? They would do it basically the same way they do it today.Assume a negative -8% rate on reserves. Deposits would also be subject to a negative interest rate, although lower than the rate on reserves. Banks could accept demand deposits at -7% interest, for example, or time deposits at -5%, and could lend at -1% or 0%.Negative interest on reserves is compatible with the existing financial infrastructure. We could keep the same commercial paper markets, the same interbank money markets and even, if we wanted, the same securitization and derivatives apparatus. The only thing that would change would be the interest rate. And central banks could continue to maintain the same function of listening and responding to the needs of the financial system by regulating the circulation of money in order to keep interest rates at the appropriate level.How would economic sense change in a negative interest economy paradigm?A negative interest economy radically alters the type of behavior we consider ‘economic’. Many of the theoretical postulates of degrowth could make ‘economic’ sense within a negative interest economics paradigm.Let’s take an example. Suppose we own a forest. If we cut it down completely and sell all the timber we get $1M now. At a positive interest rate of 4% we will get $40,000 of profit in the bank every year. If we log it sustainably and perpetually, we make $10,000 profit each year. Using current economic behavior the most profitable thing to do would be to sell the whole forest, since the current system devalues future flows (if I don’t sell it now I’m ‘losing’ $30,000 each year).With a negative interest rate, this logic is no longer valid. The ‘profitable’ thing to do would be to maintain the forest perpetually.Activities that give benefits in 30, 50, or 100 years acquire an economic motivation that under the current system is unthinkable if you are not an ‘idealist’.Evidently there are always certain basic needs that need to be satisfied now and not in the future. If we are starving, we would rather eat now than in 100 years!All these ideas and approaches are dealt with in a much deeper way and in a broader context in Charles Eisenstein’s book, Sacred Economics.From theory to practice: Introducing the Ekhilur ProjectCreated by Ekhilur Cooperative in the Basque Region, the Ekhilur Project was founded in order to demonstrate that money with the characteristics described in above can develop a viable economic system without economic growth. It may even contribute to degrowth — and, by extension, reduce the consumption of resources and fossil fuels. All this while promoting a structural redistribution of wealth.At the Ekhilur Project we are exploring several stages of implementation:Phase 1: Creation and development of the Ekhilur network (ongoing)Without a network among which to use the money, we can do little. In this first phase that’s the objective: to create and expand the network, attracting the largest possible number of economic actors — from individuals to legal entities such as associations, businesses, and companies or public entities, especially municipalities. We are also focused on adding local producers of any type of product, as well as other bioregional cooperatives that share values with Ekhilur.At the same time, the project must be both economically viable within the current system and self-sufficient. For this reason we share the costs of the system among all its participants.For the creation of the network we have implemented a legal payment system. In it we will combine features of complementary currencies (demurrage) and business loyalty models that exist today. We will call this payment system the Ekhilur system. No local currency is required. If you control the payment system, you control the characteristics of the money that circulates through it.We started in September 2022 with a pilot in the town of Hernani in the Basque region of Gipuzkoa, which is home to 20,000 inhabitants. In one year, we saw more than $1.3M in transaction volume and 50,000 operations. According to our forecast, we can achieve economic viability in four years. We are currently looking into how to scale the project to other municipalities and expand it in phases to a region of 2.9M inhabitants across Basque Country.Phase 2: Interest-free or negative-interest loans and microloans (under study)In this second phase, there will be a sufficiently wide network of users and legal entities to be able to obtain most of the goods and services necessary for any activity.At this stage, the minimum feasibility requirements will also have been met, which will allow the project to continue.Loans and microloans would be against the cooperative’s share capital (100% reserve), but could be allocated by entities specialized in the field of ethical lending. The borrowed money would be marked and could not be taken out of the circuit. And it would only come out via demurrage or would be unmarked as it is amortized.Here’s an example: On a loan of $12,000 for 60 months at 0% interest, the accumulated oxidation of the loan during the 60 months of amortization is $1,830. This would be the equivalent of the positive interest of the same loan at approximately 5.8% interest.Future phasesIn future phases, the social capital of the cooperative would be invested in real estate (housing and farmland). This is the start of the transformation from the concept of private property to right of use and the commons.In both cases the idea would be that of loans without term to the cooperative members. Actually, you wouldn’t buy the land or the house — you’d buy the right to use it. As a member, you would have to make a down payment for a percentage of the value, and then pay for the right to use it.A 75-year loan with a negative interest rate of -1% could be defined. For example, the right to use a house of $200,000 could be possible with a down payment of 10% of the value ($20,000) and a fee of $130 per month + maintenance costs. At the moment you would like to leave the property you could recover the $20,000 down payment. The right of use would be inheritable.In future, the concept of accumulation will no longer make sense because money has become a simple medium of exchange. Savings will be deposited in credit unions that operate with negative interest. They will be invested in long-term projects because it does not make sense to recover the money quickly. On the contrary, the speed of capital recovery will be much slower.The economy will slow down and so will the pace of life, allowing for fewer working hours since it is not necessary to increase an already high productivity in order to repay loans and accumulate capital.Being an economy with a decreasing GDP, the consumption of resources and energy will decrease at almost the same speed as their availability worldwide (negative interest rate), and although there will be shortages of certain raw materials and products, there will be a progressive substitution of imports as far as possible.A negative interest economy is not a silver bullet, but it could generate a suitable ‘economic environment’ for other measures (political and economic) that will help cushion the coming energy and material decline, leaving no one behind.· · ·· · ·The opinions, ideas and approaches outlined in this article do not necessarily represent those of the Post Growth Institute.Inspired? Here are some things you can do next:The project is replicable and scalable. We are open to sharing the know-how acquired so far if anyone would like to replicate it. The legal aspects are very similar in all parts of the world in this area, although each country may have different characteristics. Email us here.If you’re in the area, pay a visit to the Ekhilur Project in Hernani in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country.To dive deeper into the theories and thinking behind the project, read:Sacred Economics. Money, Gift and Society in the Age of Transition by Charles EisensteinThe Single Tax: What It Is and Why We Urge It by Henry GeorgeThe Natural Economic Order by Silvio GesellInterest and Inflation-Free Money by Margrit KennedyStone Age Economics by Marshall SahlinsMoney and the Early Greek Mind by Richard Seaford‘Alternative Theories of the Rate of Interest’ and The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by John Maynard KeynesThe End of Growth by Richard HeinbergThe Long Descent by John Michael GreerDoughnut Economics by Kate RaworthThe Simpler Way by Ted TrainerThe Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le GuinThe Role of Money by Frederick Soddy
Andorra: El alza de los precios inmobiliarios provoca la mayor manifestación de la historia del principado20 Minutes avec AFPPublié le 01/11/23 à 03h30Se trata de una protesta de una escala sin precedentes para el principado. Cientos de personas participaron el martes por la noche en la mayor manifestación de la historia de Andorra para protestar contra el aumento de los precios inmobiliarios.Los manifestantes leyeron un manifiesto exigiendo una “vivienda digna”. “La vivienda es un derecho fundamental reconocido en nuestra Constitución y no podemos aceptar especulaciones sobre una necesidad fundamental”, argumentaron.La vivienda en el centro de la última campaña electoral“Habrá un antes y un después de esta movilización y los dirigentes políticos lo saben”, cree uno de los impulsores del movimiento,Pide la dimisión del jefe de Gobierno, Xavier Espot, reelegido en abril al frente de una coalición de centroderecha.
El Singapur actual, en particular su modelo de urbanización , es la envidia de muchas ciudades y países. En 50 años , la ciudad-estado ha pasado de ser un país del tercer mundo a ser una ciudad global cuyo nivel de modernidad es comparable al de los grandes países industrializados. A menudo se cita como un "modelo de planificación urbana bajo el capitalismo de estado" [ 30 ] . El interés del modelo de Singapur surge del hecho de que ofrece una forma eficaz de combinar desarrollo económico y planificación urbana, al tiempo que ofrece a los ciudadanos un entorno sostenible y de calidad.
(Los números de página corresponden a la edición Le Seuil, Collection Points, 1978.)Chapitre 1 - El problema de la producción“La ilusión de poderes ilimitados, alimentada por logros científicos y técnicos asombrosos, ha producido la ilusión concomitante de haber resuelto el problema de la producción. Esta última ilusión se basa en la incapacidad de distinguir entre renta y capital allí donde esta distinción es más relevante. Todo economista y hombre de negocios conoce esta distinción y la aplica concienzudamente y con considerable sutileza a todos los asuntos económicos, salvo donde es realmente importante: a saber, el capital irremplazable que el hombre no ha creado, sino simplemente encontrado, y sin el cual él no puede hacer nada. »Capítulo 2 - Paz y sostenibilidad“Desde una perspectiva económica, el núcleo central de la sabiduría es la sostenibilidad. Debemos estudiar la economía de la sostenibilidad. Nada puede tener importancia económica a menos que pueda concebirse su búsqueda a largo plazo sin caer en el absurdo. [...] La sostenibilidad es incompatible con una actitud rapaz, que juzga favorablemente el hecho de que "lo que era un lujo para nuestros padres se ha convertido en una necesidad para nosotros". » (pág.33)“La economía sostenible implica una profunda reorientación de la ciencia y la tecnología, que deben abrirse a la sabiduría e incluso integrar la sabiduría en su propia estructura. Las "soluciones" científicas o tecnológicas que envenenan el medio ambiente o degradan la estructura social y al hombre mismo no aportan ningún beneficio, independientemente de su brillante diseño o su gran atractivo superficial. Máquinas cada vez más grandes, que conducen a concentraciones cada vez mayores de poder económico y violan cada vez más el medio ambiente, no representan progreso en absoluto: son otros tantos rechazos de la sabiduría. La sabiduría requiere una nueva orientación de la ciencia y la tecnología hacia lo orgánico, lo generoso, lo no violento, lo elegante y lo bello. Se ha dicho a menudo que la paz es indivisible. ¿Cómo podemos construirlo entonces, basándonos en ciencia imprudente y tecnología violenta? Debemos esperar una revolución tecnológica que nos traiga inventos y máquinas que reviertan las tendencias destructivas que nos amenazan a todos hoy. » (pág.34)“Hay algo de sabiduría en la pequeñez, aunque sólo sea en vista de la pequeñez y dispersión del conocimiento humano, que se basa mucho más en la experiencia que en la comprensión. Los peores peligros provienen invariablemente de la aplicación brutal, a gran escala, de conocimientos parciales, como lo vemos a diario con la energía nuclear, la nueva química en la agricultura, la tecnología del transporte y también muchas otras cosas. » (pág.36)Capítulo 3 - El papel de la economía Editar“Querer ignorar la dependencia del hombre del mundo natural es, por tanto, una característica inherente de la metodología de la economía. Para decirlo de otra manera, la economía se ocupa de bienes y servicios a nivel de mercado, donde un comprador potencial se encuentra con un vendedor potencial. [...] El mercado es, por tanto, sólo una expresión superficial de la sociedad, y su significado remite a la situación del momento, aquí o allá. Nadie va a sondear el fondo de las cosas, ni los hechos naturales o sociales que esconden. En cierto sentido, el mercado es la institucionalización del individualismo y la irresponsabilidad. » (pág.44)“¿Qué es entonces la metaeconomía? Dado que la economía trata del hombre en su entorno, podemos esperar que la metaeconomía conste de dos partes: una que trata del hombre y la otra del medio ambiente. En otras palabras, es probable que la economía encuentre sus tendencias y sus objetivos en un estudio del hombre, y su metodología, al menos en gran medida, en un estudio de la naturaleza. » (pág.47)"El problema de prestar excesiva atención a los medios por encima de los fines -y ésta, confirmó Keynes, es la actitud de la economía moderna- es que le quita al hombre la libertad y el poder de elegir los fines que realmente prefiere. El desarrollo de los medios dicta, por así decirlo, la elección de los fines. » (pág.52)Capítulo 4 - El sistema económico budista EditarArtículo principal: Economía budista .“El trabajo humano es aceptado unánimemente como una fuente fundamental de riqueza. El economista moderno ha llegado a considerar el “trabajo” como un mal necesario, poco más. Para el empresario se trata en cualquier caso de un simple elemento de coste que debería reducirse al mínimo, ya que no puede eliminarse por completo, por ejemplo, mediante la automatización. Para el trabajador, el trabajo no tiene utilidad en sí mismo. (Es lo que los economistas llaman "desutilidad".) Trabajar equivale a sacrificar el tiempo libre y la comodidad, siendo el salario sólo una especie de compensación recibida por este sacrificio. Lo ideal es, por tanto, que el empresario produzca sin asalariados y que el asalariado tenga ingresos sin trabajar. » (pág.54)“Desde el punto de vista budista, la función del trabajo es al menos triple. Dar al hombre la oportunidad de explotar y desarrollar sus facultades. Permítale superar su egocentrismo participando con otros en una tarea común. Producir los bienes y servicios necesarios para una existencia digna. » (pág.54)“Desde un punto de vista budista, el mundo está patas arriba cuando se valoran más los bienes que las personas y el consumo más que la actividad creativa. Esto equivale a desplazar el centro de interés del trabajador al producto de su trabajo, es decir, de lo humano a lo infrahumano: se trata de una verdadera rendición a las fuerzas del mal. » (pág.56)“En resumen, mientras la economía budista busca la máxima satisfacción humana mediante la elección de un modelo de consumo óptimo, la economía moderna tiende a maximizar el consumo mediante un modo óptimo de esfuerzo de producción. » (p.58)“La simplicidad y la no violencia están obviamente estrechamente relacionadas. El patrón de consumo óptimo, que proporciona a las personas un alto grado de satisfacción a través de un consumo relativamente bajo, les permite vivir sin grandes tensiones. » (p.58)
[Cunde el alquiler de corta duración como jugosa materia imponible:https://www.newsweek.com/colorado-short-term-rental-tax-increase-housing-market-1840438 ]
H. De Cos: "El mercado laboral necesita reformas para equiparar nuestra renta a la zona euro"El gobernador del Banco de España participó en un foro económico en la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, donde también advirtió que "la resiliencia del mercado laboral no se puede dar por sentada, pese a los buenos datos""Es necesario acometer reformas ambiciosas en el mercado laboral para que la renta per cápita española converja con la del resto de la unión económica y monetaria, brecha que España arrastra desde hace décadas por sus bajas tasas de empleo y productividad". Con estas palabras cerró Pablo Hernández de Cos, gobernador del Banco de España, su intervención en el foro Canarias, eje inversor, celebrado en la facultad de Economía, Empresa y Turismo (FEET) de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), horas después de conocerse los datos de paro del mes de octubre, que deja el dato de 93.000 afiliados más a la Seguridad Social respecto a septiembre. El evento fue organizado por El Confidencial de la mano de la propia institución universitaria canaria, además de Proexca, Canariensis, MyInvestor, el Gobierno de Canarias y el Banque Centrale Populaire de Marruecos, y con la colaboración de Roche Bobois.Bajo la perspectiva de De Cos, estas reformas "deben ser persistentes en el tiempo y han de estar apoyadas por amplios consensos en el parlamento", ya que "a las disfuncionalidades estructurales de nuestro mercado de trabajo se suman elementos coyunturales —como factores geopolíticos exógenos o la desaceleración en algunos estados de la zona euro— y un contexto en el que la tecnología provocará profundos cambios, destruyendo y generando al mismo tiempo puestos de trabajo". Pese a todo, el gobernador también reconoció "evoluciones positivas en el mercado laboral, especialmente en lo referente a la caída de la tasa de paro y a la resiliencia que ha tenido el empleo en los últimos años". Respecto a este último aspecto, advirtió que "esta resiliencia no puede darse por sentada por la fuerte incertidumbre macroeconómica en que nos encontramos".El análisis de la situación económica española que realizó el máximo responsable del Banco de España se articuló en torno a ocho “hechos estilizados”. Los resultados, expuestos ante un público conformado mayoritariamente por estudiantes de economía, son el resultado de comparar el mercado laboral español con la media de la zona euro y se resumen en la ya mencionada alta resiliencia del empleo; el hecho de que la evolución por horas de ese empleo haya sido mejor que el progreso del factor personas; la variación en el peso de los sectores, con crecimiento para aquellos más afectados por la digitalización; un crecimiento en el deseo de trabajar relacionado en parte con los flujos migratorios; el envejecimiento poblacional; el tensionamiento de los mercados laborales a la hora de conseguir mano de obra; la bajada en las ratios de temporalidad; y el fenómeno de moderación salarial ligado a una menor incidencia de las cláusulas de salvaguarda.(...)
...Entre estas medidas, una drástica regulación que afecta de pleno al sector de los apartamentos turísticos. La nueva normativa somete este tipo de alquiler a regulación urbanística y obliga a los propietarios a solicitar una licencia en un plazo máximo de cinco años si quieren seguir operando. Conseguir o no esta licencia quedará en manos de cada municipio y su planteamiento urbanístico.“Nos van a cerrar en cinco años, quieren liquidar las viviendas de uso turístico... Barcelona tiene abierto un debate muy intenso, hay que buscar un culpable y nos han señalado a nosotros”
La guerra contra los intermediarios puede ir más allá de la viviendaUn tribunal de EE UU condena a las agencias inmobiliarias por inflar artificialmente las comisiones de ventaLos compradores y vendedores de viviendas pueden tener por fin un pequeño respiro en un brutal mercado inmobiliario. El martes, un jurado estadounidense falló en contra de la organización profesional que representa a los agentes inmobiliarios, acusándoles de conspirar para inflar artificialmente las comisiones en la venta de viviendas, obligándoles a ellos y a algunos intermediarios residenciales a pagar una multa de 1.800 millones de dólares. Las industrias con brókeres similares ya habían sufrido perturbaciones, y a esta le tocaba ajustar cuentas. Los demás negocios basados en comisiones, como la banca de inversión, podrían ser los siguientes.La Asociación Nacional de agentes Inmobiliarios (NAR) y algunas agencias residenciales, incluida una división de Berkshire Hathaway, de Warren Buffett, se encuentran entre los responsables de pagar los daños resultantes de la demanda colectiva presentada por vendedores de viviendas de Missouri, Kansas e Illinois.El núcleo del caso es la estructura de comisiones que se aplica cuando se pone a la venta una vivienda. Con un 5% del precio de la casa, las comisiones son en Estados Unidos de las más altas del mundo, y han cambiado poco a lo largo de las décadas. Por lo general, el vendedor de una vivienda paga la comisión de intermediación, que luego reparte con la persona que representa al comprador.La NAR, que representa a más de 1,5 millones de agentes, tiene intención de recurrir el veredicto. En un comunicado, dijo que sus normas “dan prioridad a los consumidores, apoyan la fijación de precios impulsada por el mercado y promueven la competencia empresarial.”El impacto podría ser significativo. El precio medio de venta de una vivienda en EE UU aumentó más de un tercio entre el segundo trimestre de 2020 y septiembre de este año, con el precio medio de una casa marcado en más de 500.000 dólares, según la Reserva Federal de San Luis.Eliminar la comisión del intermediario, en teoría, debería de ayudar a rebajar el precio. También debería de disolver el conflicto de intereses que existe entre el agente y su cliente. Los agentes cobran honorarios más altos en función del precio de la vivienda: un precio más alto en general significa una comisión mayor.Es posible que los portales online acaben por trastocar este negocio de intermediación, dado que así ha ocurrido en otros sectores en los que la tecnología ha aliviado la fricción de las pujas y ha aumentado la transparencia. El sector de los fondos de inversión solía cobrar una comisión media del 1% a principios de la década de 2000, por ejemplo. Esa comisión se redujo a la mitad en 2018 debido a la competencia de los fondos indexados (ETF), de bajo coste, según un estudio de Brookings.El examen de estas comisiones también podría extenderse más allá del mercado inmobiliario, y los banqueros de Wall Street se encuentran entre el grupo mejor pagado. Los intermediarios que ayudan a sacar empresas a Bolsa cobran más del 7% de los ingresos brutos, según PricewaterhouseCoopers. Investigaciones de la Universidad de Harvard y de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) sugieren que el sector de la banca de inversión trabaja en equipo. Pero incluso sin coordinación, los clientes corporativos podrían preguntarse si un acuerdo electrónico podría ser más eficiente. Al igual que ocurre con el sector inmobiliario, otros intermediarios podrían encontrarse pronto con turbulencias.
WeWork Bankruptcy Would Deal Another Blow to Ailing N.Y. Office MarketThe fallout would be particularly hard for landlords already struggling with piling debt and companies scaling back their office footprint.For years, landlords around the world clamored to get WeWork into their office buildings, a love affair that made the co-working company the largest corporate tenant in New York and London.Now, WeWork is perhaps days away from a bankruptcy filing — and its demise could not come at a worse time for office landlords.With fewer employees going into the office since the pandemic, companies have slashed the amount of space they lease, causing one of the worst crunches in decades in commercial real estate.Many landlords have accepted lower rents from WeWork in recent years to keep it afloat, but its bankruptcy would be an enormous blow. The pain would be centered on landlords that have leased a large proportion of their space to the company, particularly in New York, and are struggling to make payments on the debt tied to their buildings. Some landlords might quickly accept lower rents from WeWork as part of a bankruptcy reorganization and keep doing business with any new entity that emerges, but others might have to fight in court to get anything.“If you look at a lot of the vacancy in New York City, you will find that a fair amount of that was space that was leased to WeWork — and there will be even more abandoned after a bankruptcy,” said Anthony E. Malkin, the chief executive of the company that owns the Empire State Building and an early skeptic of WeWork.WeWork, despite its efforts to cut costs, still had an empire of 777 locations in 39 countries at the end of June, compared with 764 locations in 38 countries nearly two years earlier. On Friday, its website listed 47 locations in New York, where at the end of March it leased 6.9 million square feet of office space, equivalent to more than 60 percent of all co-working space, according to Savills, a real estate services firm. In London, WeWork listed 38 locations.Speculation of a possible bankruptcy filing intensified in August when WeWork warned that it might not be in business much longer. Its shares have fallen 90 percent since then.Last month, WeWork said it would miss interest payments totaling $95 million. After a 30-day grace period, the company reached a deal with creditors for a seven-day forbearance, which expires Tuesday.In New York, where a fifth of office space is unleased or being offered for the sublet, the highest amount in decades, the fallout from a WeWork bankruptcy would be felt most in older office buildings in Midtown and downtown Manhattan. Nearly two-thirds of WeWork’s leases in Manhattan were in these so-called Class B and Class C buildings, according to the real estate advisory firm Avison Young.“We believe the value of Class B and Class C buildings will probably be 55 percent less than they were prior to the pandemic,” said Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, a real estate professor at Columbia Business School who has been tracking the decline in office building valuations. “These are the buildings that are struggling the most and will have a tough time with a WeWork bankruptcy.”Owners of these older buildings were thrilled a few years ago to lease entire floors — or even entire buildings — to WeWork, but they now find themselves under siege. In cases where WeWork has stopped paying rent on the leases, landlords have been unable to make debt payments on buildings that are being valued sharply lower than they were a few years ago.That’s the quandary facing Walter & Samuels, a real estate firm that has WeWork as a tenant in five of its office buildings in New York. At one, 315 West 36th Street, a small edifice built in 1926 in Manhattan’s garment district, WeWork leased about 90 percent of the space and stopped paying rent earlier this year, according to Morningstar Credit. Walter & Samuels stopped making payments on a $77 million loan on the building, Morningstar said.The loan’s special servicer said the appraised value of the building had fallen to $42 million, down from $127 million when the loan was made five years ago, and the servicer is moving to foreclose, according to Morningstar.Executives at Walter & Samuels did not respond to emails seeking comment.WeWork occupies nearly all of the office space at 980 Avenue of the Americas, a mixed-use development owned by the Vanbarton Group. Joey Chilelli, a managing director at the company, said the firm could consider a range of options for the space if WeWork vacated, including turning it into residences.“We have tried to do everything we could earlier this year when they went to every landlord and asked for rent reductions and concessions,” Mr. Chilelli said. “If they are able to reduce their footprint, it will hurt the office market again.”Michael Emory, the founder of Allied, a real estate investment trust that operates office buildings in Canada’s largest cities, said his company walked away from a potential deal with WeWork in Toronto in 2015 because there were drawbacks for Allied. But he said he had watched other developers, particularly in New York, lease space to the company, believing that co-working providers would occupy a large percentage of office space for years.Also, Mr. Emory said, WeWork focused on landlords that were eager to fill up their office buildings and then sell them based on the new occupancy and rental income.A bankruptcy filing “will be very consequential for the New York market,” he said.WeWork declined to comment for this article.At its peak, when investors were feverishly bullish about the company and the vision of Adam Neumann, its eccentric co-founder, WeWork was valued at $47 billion. Its model was to rent office space, spruce it up and charge its customers — established companies, start-ups and individuals — to use the space for as long as they needed it.The flexibility of using a WeWork space — and its community vibe: “Our mission is to elevate the world’s consciousness,” the company declared — was supposed to attract businesses away from stodgy offices that tied tenants down with yearslong leases.But the economics of WeWork’s business were always upside down: What the company took in from customers was not enough to cover the cost of renting and operating its locations. It kept growing anyway, and from the end of 2017, it lost a staggering $15 billion. After WeWork withdrew an initial public offering in 2019, its largest outside investor — the Japanese conglomerate SoftBank — provided a lifeline with a multibillion-dollar takeover.Before that debacle, WeWork had ardent fans in the commercial real estate world who believed the company was pioneering an exciting new service.“We know these folks, we know them well,” Steven Roth, the chief executive of Vornado Realty Trust, one of the largest office landlords in New York, said in 2017. “We think what they’re doing is unbelievably impressive.”Mr. Roth declined to comment for this article. Vornado leased space to WeWork in a building in Manhattan and another in Washington, and they teamed up outside Washington to introduce WeLive residences, one of WeWork’s much-hyped but failed subsidiaries, including the for-profit private school WeGrow.Vornado no longer has WeWork as a tenant. In 2019, after questions about WeWork’s financial health mounted in the industry, Vornado’s chief financial officer said the company had limited its exposure to WeWork.JLL, a real estate services firm, once predicted that co-working firms would be leasing 30 percent of all office space in the United States by the end of this decade. Such predictions did not seem outlandish just before the pandemic, when WeWork and other co-working providers accounted for 15 percent of both new and renewed leases signed in New York, according to JLL, up from 2 percent in 2010. Co-working providers accounted for less than 1 percent of all leases signed in New York last year, JLL said.And some landlords believed they would be somewhat insulated from problems at WeWork.“WeWork is out there taking on these start-ups en masse, realizing that some will stay, some will go,” Raymond A. Ritchey, an executive at BXP, formerly known as Boston Properties, said in 2014. “But they tend to be taking that risk as opposed to the landlord on a direct basis.”BXP is a part owner of a shiplike office development in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Dock 72, where WeWork has been a major tenant since it opened in 2019 but was struggling to fill its space. At the end of last year, BXP was leasing nearly 500,000 square feet of space to WeWork across its portfolio.Douglas T. Linde, the president of BXP, said Thursday on an investor call that WeWork had stopped paying rent at two of its locations, including Dock 72. “We don’t expect WeWork to exit all the assets,” he said, “nor do we expect them to remain in place in the current footprint.”Some landlords might be able to get other co-working companies to take over WeWork’s spaces, or operate their own version, avoiding a situation in which their buildings appear desolate. But they are unlikely to take in the revenue they were initially getting from WeWork, which did end up going public, in 2021, by merging with a special-purpose acquisition company.Mr. Malkin, the Empire State Building landlord, said he had always doubted WeWork’s business model. Also, he never wanted WeWork in his company’s buildings because, he said, it packed too many people into its spaces, causing overuse of elevators and toilets.“Why would you want to do business with these people?” Mr. Malkin said.
https://cincodias.elpais.com/opinion/2023-11-04/la-guerra-contra-los-intermediarios-puede-ir-mas-alla-de-la-vivienda.htmlCitarLa guerra contra los intermediarios puede ir más allá de la viviendaUn tribunal de EE UU condena a las agencias inmobiliarias por inflar artificialmente las comisiones de ventaLos compradores y vendedores de viviendas pueden tener por fin un pequeño respiro en un brutal mercado inmobiliario. El martes, un jurado estadounidense falló en contra de la organización profesional que representa a los agentes inmobiliarios, acusándoles de conspirar para inflar artificialmente las comisiones en la venta de viviendas, obligándoles a ellos y a algunos intermediarios residenciales a pagar una multa de 1.800 millones de dólares. Las industrias con brókeres similares ya habían sufrido perturbaciones, y a esta le tocaba ajustar cuentas. Los demás negocios basados en comisiones, como la banca de inversión, podrían ser los siguientes.La Asociación Nacional de agentes Inmobiliarios (NAR) y algunas agencias residenciales, incluida una división de Berkshire Hathaway, de Warren Buffett, se encuentran entre los responsables de pagar los daños resultantes de la demanda colectiva presentada por vendedores de viviendas de Missouri, Kansas e Illinois.El núcleo del caso es la estructura de comisiones que se aplica cuando se pone a la venta una vivienda. Con un 5% del precio de la casa, las comisiones son en Estados Unidos de las más altas del mundo, y han cambiado poco a lo largo de las décadas. Por lo general, el vendedor de una vivienda paga la comisión de intermediación, que luego reparte con la persona que representa al comprador.La NAR, que representa a más de 1,5 millones de agentes, tiene intención de recurrir el veredicto. En un comunicado, dijo que sus normas “dan prioridad a los consumidores, apoyan la fijación de precios impulsada por el mercado y promueven la competencia empresarial.”El impacto podría ser significativo. El precio medio de venta de una vivienda en EE UU aumentó más de un tercio entre el segundo trimestre de 2020 y septiembre de este año, con el precio medio de una casa marcado en más de 500.000 dólares, según la Reserva Federal de San Luis.Eliminar la comisión del intermediario, en teoría, debería de ayudar a rebajar el precio. También debería de disolver el conflicto de intereses que existe entre el agente y su cliente. Los agentes cobran honorarios más altos en función del precio de la vivienda: un precio más alto en general significa una comisión mayor.Es posible que los portales online acaben por trastocar este negocio de intermediación, dado que así ha ocurrido en otros sectores en los que la tecnología ha aliviado la fricción de las pujas y ha aumentado la transparencia. El sector de los fondos de inversión solía cobrar una comisión media del 1% a principios de la década de 2000, por ejemplo. Esa comisión se redujo a la mitad en 2018 debido a la competencia de los fondos indexados (ETF), de bajo coste, según un estudio de Brookings.El examen de estas comisiones también podría extenderse más allá del mercado inmobiliario, y los banqueros de Wall Street se encuentran entre el grupo mejor pagado. Los intermediarios que ayudan a sacar empresas a Bolsa cobran más del 7% de los ingresos brutos, según PricewaterhouseCoopers. Investigaciones de la Universidad de Harvard y de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) sugieren que el sector de la banca de inversión trabaja en equipo. Pero incluso sin coordinación, los clientes corporativos podrían preguntarse si un acuerdo electrónico podría ser más eficiente. Al igual que ocurre con el sector inmobiliario, otros intermediarios podrían encontrarse pronto con turbulencias.
Lem te acompaño en el sentimiento. Espero que Hastings os trate mejor y llevéis una vida más relajada. Londres caerá, no tengo duda, pero antes habrá sacado hasta la última gota de sangre de sus jóvenes y no tan jóvenes. Que se coman sus ladrillos con patatas. Cuando no haya personal médico para atender las UCIs de Chelsea y los ricos landlords se pasen horas con sus pañales cagados se seguirán preguntando estupefactos cómo se ha podido llegar a esa situación.
[La inasequibilidad de la vivienda es la más eficaz arma geopolítica para derribar al tigre de papel.Solo las economías desinmobiliarizadas y altamente planificadas va a sobrevivir al estrés energético que viene los próximos años.]