Los administradores de TransicionEstructural no se responsabilizan de las opiniones vertidas por los usuarios del foro. Cada usuario asume la responsabilidad de los comentarios publicados.
0 Usuarios y 1 Visitante están viendo este tema.
Blackout Leaves Up to 700 Million Indian Citizens Without PowerAs of writing, 20 of India’s 28 states have seen widespread power outages in the past two days, leaving as many as 700 million people without electricity. Even the nation’s capital of New Delhi was affected. Indian officials have yet to determine a cause for the blackout, but assure the nation that engineers are working around the clock to rectify the problem.This massive outage was the second to hit India in two days. Yesterday, the largest Indian blackout since 2001 left over 300 million people without power due to a grid failure. The blackout grew to affect roughly 700 million people today, making it the largest in modern history in terms of people affected.Horror stories are being reported from across Northern India, where the blackout is focused, about traffic lights suddenly failing and fans and airconditioning units shutting off in 89% humidity. In West Bengal, hundreds of miners were trapped underground when their electric lifts failed. Operations across the country were cancelled and the backup generators at a number of hospitals have failed due to prolonged use. Harry Dhaul, director of an organization working to reform the Indian power grid was quoted by The Guardian as saying this: There will obviously be some agitation in urban areas, which have become very reliant on electricity … There could be riots; there could be protests.This truly is a grim situation for the Indian people. One hopes to hear news about restored power in India sooner rather than later. 89% humidity would be bad enough with power let alone without it.
India blackouts: Thousands of train passengers have been strandedMore than 700 million people in India have been left without power in the world's worst blackout of recent times, leading to fears that protests and even riots could follow if the country's electricity supply continues to fail to meet growing demand.Twenty of India's 28 states were hit by power cuts, along with the capital, New Delhi, when three of the country's five electricity grids failed at lunchtime.As engineers struggled for hours to fix the problem, hundreds of trains failed, leaving passengers stranded along thousands of miles of track from Kashmir in the north to Nagaland on the eastern border with Burma.Traffic lights went out, causing jams in New Delhi, Kolkata and other cities. Surgical operations were cancelled across the country, with nurses at one hospital just outside Delhi having to operate life-saving equipment manually when back-up generators failed.Elsewhere, electric crematoriums stopped operating, some with bodies left half burnt before wood was brought in to stoke the furnaces.As Delhiites sweated in 89% humidity and drivers honked their horns even more impatiently than usual, in West Bengal the power cut left hundreds of miners trapped underground for hours when their lifts broke down. All the state's government workers were sent home after the chief minister announced it would take 10 to 12 hours for the power to return.First to fail was India's northern grid, which had also collapsed the previous day leaving an estimated 350 million people in the dark for up to 14 hours. It was quickly followed by the eastern grid, which includes Kolkata, then the north-eastern grid.An estimated 710 million people live in the affected area, ever more of whom require electricity as they snap up the air-conditioning units, flat-screen TVs and other gadgets that have become status symbols among India's burgeoning middle class.The two consecutive blackouts raised serious concerns about India's infrastructure and the government's ability to meet the nation's increasing appetite for energy as it aspires to become an economic superpower.The power minister, Sushilkumar Shinde, blamed the latest collapse on states taking more than their allotted share of electricity. "Everyone overdraws from the grid. Just this morning I held a meeting with power officials from the states and I gave directions that states that overdraw should be punished. We have given instructions that their power supply could be cut," he said.In a curiously timed move, the government announced on Tuesday that Shinde had been promoted to the home affairs ministry. The power brief was given to a minister who already had a job he was expected to keep – Veerappa Moily, corporate affairs minister.Opposition parties were quick to make political capital out of the power crisis. "This is a manifestation of mismanagement – the prime minister owes an answer to the people of this country," a spokesman for the Bharatiya Janata (BJP) party said. Manmohan Singh, India's prime minister, did not comment. remained silent on the matter on Tuesday.Citizens could take to the streets if the blackouts continue, warned Harry Dhaul, director general of the Independent Power Producers Association of India, a non-governmental organisation that campaigns for improvement of the Indian power sector: "There will obviously be some agitation in urban areas, which have become very reliant on electricity … There could be riots; there could be protests."At the beginning of July, repeated power cuts during a spell of 40C-plus heat prompted hundreds of residents to vandalise electricity substations in the new city of Gurgaon just outside Delhi. Rioters beat up energy company officials, holding some of them hostage and blocking roads in several parts of the city.But despite howls of protest from those whose TVs and computers were not working this week, one-third of India's households do not even have electricity to power a light bulb, according to the 2011 census.A large minority of those in the blackout zone have never been connected to any grid – just 16.4% of the 100 million people who live in the central-eastern state of Bihar have access to electricity, compared with 96.6% in Punjab in the west.India's demand for electricity has soared along with its economy in recent years, but utilities have been unable to meet the growing needs. India's Central Electricity Authority has reported power deficits of more than 8% in recent months.Greenpeace said the blackout was "an eye opener that the present energy infrastructure in India needs to be diversified, both at the generation and the distribution level".Tuesday's power deficit was worsened by a weak monsoon that has lowered hydroelectric generation and kept temperatures higher, further increasing electricity usage as people try to cool off.Experts agree India must invest in its power infrastructure to meet the needs of its 1.2 billion people – and to keep up with China, its only serious rival as a future global superpower alongside the US.Since 2006, China has added about six times more power than India to its national grid each year: an average of 84 gigawatts for China to 14 gigawatts for India, the Wall Street Journal reported.Dhaul said the reason India had not kept pace with China was not a lack of political will but the fact that India is a democracy. "In China, if they want to build a hydroelectric dam and someone complains about it, it doesn't matter – in 24 hours he has been relocated and the building work starts. We can't do that in India," he said.By early evening, 50 of the trapped miners in West Bengal had been rescued and power had been restored to the north-east of the country, as well the most affluent areas of Delhi, such as the grand colonial neighbourhood built by Edwin Lutyens, home to many politicians and diplomats. The super-rich are less affected by the power cuts that are an almost daily occurrence in much of India. They can afford diesel-powered generators and power inverters that can keep basic electrics such as lights and fans working.But the generators require fuel, which can be scarce during a blackout. The Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday that at a major hospital in Gurgaon, the backup generators failed after prolonged use. This forced nurses to manually operate life-saving equipment such as ventilators for about 15 patients. "We were lucky that no lives were lost," a senior doctor said. "The generators came back up in about 20 minutes."India has five electricity grids – northern, eastern, north-eastern, southern and western. All are interconnected, except the southern grid. The northern grid covers nine regions: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Chandigarh.At least six states are covered by the eastern grid: West Bengal, Chattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Sikkim; the north-eastern grid connects Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura.
Singapore cancela el vuelo más largo del mundo por falta de rentabilidadEl alto coste del combustible, que se ha triplicado en los últimos años, hace inviables los vuelos ultralargos, como el que unía Singapur con Nueva York (Newark): 15.345 kilómetros sin escalas en 18 horas y 50 minutos, operado por Singapore Airlines y que dejará de volar el próximo mes de noviembre.Esta misma semana la aerolínea también cancelaba el vuelo que unía Singapur y Los Angeles, ligeramente más corto en distancia (14.114 kilómetros), pero curiosamente igual de largo en tiempo (18,5 horas), por la mayor densidad del aire en el hemisferio sur. En uno y otro vuelo “podías ver todas las películas del avión”, apunta nostálgico un viajero habitual.El vuelo SQ21 Singapur-Newark hizo su debut el 29 de junio de 2004 y desde hace tres años sólo ofrece 100 asientos de clase bussiness, a razón de unos 8.000 euros (10.850 dólares) ida y vuelta, un precio prohibitivo que ni siquiera sirve para dejar algún beneficio en las cuentas de Singapore.Las aeronaves A340-500 que operaban el vuelo serán devueltas a la central de Airbus en Toulouse, y forman parte de un acuerdo de adquisición de varios superjumbos A380, el avión comercial más grande del mundo. Airbus discontinuó la fabricación de su modelo A340 en 2011, 20 años después de su debut comercial. ¿El motivo? El mismo que el de su cliente: la carestía de los precios y la complicada rentabilidad.La retirada de Singapore de los vuelos ultralargos convierte al vuelo Sydney-Dallas de Qantas en el vuelo más largo del globo, con sus 13.804 kilómetros en 15 horas y 25 minutos. Curiosamente, hasta el momento la distancia máxima de los vuelos ha tendido a crecer con el paso del tiempo, merced al desarrollo tecnológico de las aeronaves. Volar desde Sydney a Londres en 1955 exigía dos días y medio y siete paradas, mientras en 2005 se podía hacer del tirón, en 19,5 horas.Esta tendencia se está quebrando poco a poco por un asunto que no tiene que ver con la autonomía de vuelo sino con la rentabilidad, un efecto más que probable del llamado “pico del petróleo”. Los vuelos más cortos siguen gastando muchísimo combustible, pero resultan más rentables para las aerolíneas.También fue la rentabilidad –y el terrible accidente de 2000, en París- lo que dejó en tierra a una maravilla tecnológica como el Concorde, tras sólo 27 años operativo. Una década tras su retirada de las pistas, aún hay quien pretende que los siete concordes operativos vuelvan a volar, pero la carestía de su mantenimiento y el citado precio del combustible hacen improbable su retorno a los cielos.El vuelo más largo desde España es el que une Madrid con Santiago de Chile: 10.700 kilómetros en 13,5 horas con un Airbus A340-600 similar a los que está jubilando ahora Singapore.La clasificación de los vuelos más largos del mundo queda así (Fuente: Wikipedia):Trayecto Aerolínea Distancia DuraciónSydney-Dallas Qantas 13.804 15:25Johanesburgo-Atlanta Delta 13.582 16:55Dubai-Los Angeles Emirates 13.420 16:30Dallas-Brisabane Qantas 13.363 16:00Dubai-Houston Emirates 13.144 16:20Dubai-San Francisco Emirates 13.041 16:00NY-Hong Kong Cathay 12.990 16:05Newark-Hong Kong United Airlines 12.980 15:50Doha-Houston Qatar 12.951 16:20Dubai-Dallas Emirates 12.940 16:20 Visto en Bloomberg. Con información de BBC y Boeing. Ilustración de Daily Mail.
Otro "evento" energético que nos recuerda que este modo de consumo de energía es insostenible... Resulta especialmente llamativa la evolución de los vuelos de muy larga distancia, desde la época en que se hacían en hidroavión en auténticas odiseas que duraban más de una semana.. http://www.experiensense.com/singapur-newark/CitarSingapore cancela el vuelo más largo del mundo por falta de rentabilidadEl alto coste del combustible, que se ha triplicado en los últimos años, hace inviables los vuelos ultralargos, como el que unía Singapur con Nueva York (Newark): 15.345 kilómetros sin escalas en 18 horas y 50 minutos, operado por Singapore Airlines y que dejará de volar el próximo mes de noviembre.Esta misma semana la aerolínea también cancelaba el vuelo que unía Singapur y Los Angeles, ligeramente más corto en distancia (14.114 kilómetros), pero curiosamente igual de largo en tiempo (18,5 horas), por la mayor densidad del aire en el hemisferio sur. En uno y otro vuelo “podías ver todas las películas del avión”, apunta nostálgico un viajero habitual.El vuelo SQ21 Singapur-Newark hizo su debut el 29 de junio de 2004 y desde hace tres años sólo ofrece 100 asientos de clase bussiness, a razón de unos 8.000 euros (10.850 dólares) ida y vuelta, un precio prohibitivo que ni siquiera sirve para dejar algún beneficio en las cuentas de Singapore.Las aeronaves A340-500 que operaban el vuelo serán devueltas a la central de Airbus en Toulouse, y forman parte de un acuerdo de adquisición de varios superjumbos A380, el avión comercial más grande del mundo. Airbus discontinuó la fabricación de su modelo A340 en 2011, 20 años después de su debut comercial. ¿El motivo? El mismo que el de su cliente: la carestía de los precios y la complicada rentabilidad.La retirada de Singapore de los vuelos ultralargos convierte al vuelo Sydney-Dallas de Qantas en el vuelo más largo del globo, con sus 13.804 kilómetros en 15 horas y 25 minutos. Curiosamente, hasta el momento la distancia máxima de los vuelos ha tendido a crecer con el paso del tiempo, merced al desarrollo tecnológico de las aeronaves. Volar desde Sydney a Londres en 1955 exigía dos días y medio y siete paradas, mientras en 2005 se podía hacer del tirón, en 19,5 horas.Esta tendencia se está quebrando poco a poco por un asunto que no tiene que ver con la autonomía de vuelo sino con la rentabilidad, un efecto más que probable del llamado “pico del petróleo”. Los vuelos más cortos siguen gastando muchísimo combustible, pero resultan más rentables para las aerolíneas.También fue la rentabilidad –y el terrible accidente de 2000, en París- lo que dejó en tierra a una maravilla tecnológica como el Concorde, tras sólo 27 años operativo. Una década tras su retirada de las pistas, aún hay quien pretende que los siete concordes operativos vuelvan a volar, pero la carestía de su mantenimiento y el citado precio del combustible hacen improbable su retorno a los cielos.El vuelo más largo desde España es el que une Madrid con Santiago de Chile: 10.700 kilómetros en 13,5 horas con un Airbus A340-600 similar a los que está jubilando ahora Singapore.La clasificación de los vuelos más largos del mundo queda así (Fuente: Wikipedia):Trayecto Aerolínea Distancia DuraciónSydney-Dallas Qantas 13.804 15:25Johanesburgo-Atlanta Delta 13.582 16:55Dubai-Los Angeles Emirates 13.420 16:30Dallas-Brisabane Qantas 13.363 16:00Dubai-Houston Emirates 13.144 16:20Dubai-San Francisco Emirates 13.041 16:00NY-Hong Kong Cathay 12.990 16:05Newark-Hong Kong United Airlines 12.980 15:50Doha-Houston Qatar 12.951 16:20Dubai-Dallas Emirates 12.940 16:20 Visto en Bloomberg. Con información de BBC y Boeing. Ilustración de Daily Mail.Digo yo que igual que se ha pasado de esto...a esto...en algún momento podremos pasar de esto...http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Impulsea algo más parecido a los Airbus A380...